广西沿海地区主要粮经作物种植结构的变迁

目的]调查广西沿海地区北海、防城港、钦州3个沿海市8个临海县（区）的主要粮食、经济作物种植结构的变化情况,为广西沿海地区农业发展、农作物种植结构调整提供参考.方法]采用实地考察、资料查询和座谈等形式,对1975～2010年广西沿海地区土地资源利用和各作物种植情况进行调查.结果]在过去35年,广西沿海地区耕地面积不断减少,粮食作物种植面积呈波动式减少,经济作物、蔬菜和果树的种植面积不断上升.水稻的种植面积明显下降,占粮食作物的比重从93.12％下降到72.17％;玉米和红薯的种植面积明显增加;甘蔗和木薯的种植面积连续上升,并成为广西沿海地区最主要的经济作物;花生、大豆和黄红麻等占经济作物种植比重越来越小.结论]建议广西沿海地区提高单产、改变耕作方式以提高农作物总产,同时调整种植结构,发展特色农业,以提高农民收入.

Changes in planting structure of main grain and economic crops in coastal region of Guangxi

Objective]The changes in planting structure of main grain and cash crops in coastal regions （Beihai,Fangchenggang and Qinzhou） of Guangxi were investigated in order to provide references on agriculture development and crop planting structure adjustment in Guangxi coastal regions.Method]The field investigation,data query and convention were used for investigating the utilization of land resource and corps planting in the coastal area of Guangxi from 1975 to 2010.Result]In the past 35 years,the arable lands areas in coastal regions of Guangxi decreased gradually,the planting areas of grain crops also reduced,while the planting areas of cash crops,vegetables and fruit trees increased gradually.The rice planting areas decreased,and its proportion accounting for grain crops decreased from 93.12％ to 72.17％.The planting areas of maize and sweet potato increased significantly.Sugarcane and cassava also showed increasing planting area and became the most important cash crops in coastal regions of Guangxi.The proportion of peanut,soybean and hemp and jute accounting for planting cash crops became smaller and smaller.Conclusion]The total yield of crops should be increased by increasing unit yield and changing tillage methods.The planting structure should be adjusted and special agriculture should be developed in order to increase the income of peasant.