Molecular approaches for characterization and use of natural disease resistance in wheat |
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Authors: | Navreet Kaur Kenneth Street Michael Mackay Nabila Yahiaoui Beat Keller |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland;(2) ICARDA, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria;(3) Australian Winter Cereals Collection, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW, 2340, Australia;(4) Present address: UMR Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite CIRAD TA A-54/K Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier cedex 15, France |
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Abstract: | Wheat production is threatened by a constantly changing population of pathogen species and races. Given the rapid ability
of many pathogens to overcome genetic resistance, the identification and practical implementation of new sources of resistance
is essential. Landraces and wild relatives of wheat have played an important role as genetic resources for the improvement
of disease resistance. The use of molecular approaches, particularly molecular markers, has allowed better characterization
of the genetic diversity in wheat germplasm. In addition, the molecular cloning of major resistance (R) genes has recently been achieved in the large, polyploid wheat genome. For the first time this allows the study and analysis
of the genetic variability of wheat R loci at the molecular level and therefore, to screen for allelic variation at such loci in the gene pool. Thus, strategies
such as allele mining and ecotilling are now possible for characterization of wheat disease resistance. Here, we discuss the
approaches, resources and potential tools to characterize and utilize the naturally occurring resistance diversity in wheat.
We also report a first step in allele mining, where we characterize the occurrence of known resistance alleles at the wheat
Pm3 powdery mildew resistance locus in a set of 1,320 landraces assembled on the basis of eco-geographical criteria. From known
Pm3 R alleles, only Pm3b was frequently identified (3% of the tested accessions). In the same set of landraces, we found a high frequency of a Pm3 haplotype carrying a susceptible allele of Pm3. This analysis allowed the identification of a set of resistant lines where new potentially functional alleles would be present.
Newly identified resistance alleles will enrich the genetic basis of resistance in breeding programmes and contribute to wheat
improvement. |
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Keywords: | Allele mining Genetic diversity Pm3 Wheat powdery mildew |
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