玉米育种技术体系的构建及有关问题的讨论

本文围绕玉米商业化育种的思路,基于二群论、杂交种产量增益与自交系改良同步、高密度抗逆育种等育种技术原理,构建了玉米商业化育种技术体系,分析了技术体系的组成：群内杂交构建选系群体,群间杂交配制优势组合,人为创造高密度等逆境选系,以及多点测试等。对育种中经常遇到的一些关键问题如株型、叶片、早熟、抗倒、籽粒脱水、抗病、选系群体的大小和测配等进行了初步的探讨。

The Construction of Technology System of Maize Breeding and the Discussion on Relevant Problems

Maize is the first major food crop in China, which can be used for both grain and forage. Based on reviewing the domestic and international research on maize breeding technology, this study summarized the theoretical basis and Technical components of maize breeding technology system. The technical principles of constructing the system included two- group theory, hybrid yield gain and inbred line improvement synchronization, high density and stress tolerant breeding; four core components were construction of inbred line selected population by intra-group hybridization, heterotic combinations selection by inter-group cross, inbred line selection through artificially created high density and other stresses, and multi-location test. Based on the authors’breeding experience and related literature, several crucial issues maize breeders encountered, such as plant type, leaf, early maturity, lodging resistance, seed dehydration, disease resistance, population size of line selection and testcross were discussed preliminarily. At last, aiming at the problems existing in maize breeding in China, 4 aspects were highlighted and discussed: (1) to establish a commercial maize breeding system with Chinese characteristics, (2) to clarify the breeding objectives of different maize planting regions, (3) to pay attention to the utilization of germplasms from Europe and America, and (4) to change the technical route of maize breeding.