农业气象学发展现状及展望

农业气象学是研究气象条件与农业相互关系及其规律的一门学科,既是基础农学的学科之一,也是一门交叉边缘学科。回顾世界农业气象研究历史,中国现代农业气象学六十多年的研究发展轨迹表明：农业气象研究坚持需求和问题导向,在解决农业生产重大需求和科学问题中得到不断发展;坚持跟踪国际学科发展前沿,不断完善研究理论和方法,实现了从解释科学到试验科学的质的飞跃;坚持吸收最新科学技术发展成果,不断派生出新兴交叉和边缘学科分支。全国农业气候区划、农业气候资源开发利用、农业气象产量预报与遥感估产、气候变化农业影响、温室气体排放测定与国家清单、旱作农业关键技术与区域治理、农业气象灾害防御技术、都市型设施园艺等重大技术成果在保障国家粮食安全、促进现代农业发展中发挥着基础性、关键性的科技支撑作用。未来农业气象学将在农业气候与农业布局优化、生物气象与农业绿色发展、农业气象灾害与风险管理、农业小气候与工厂化农业、农业气象信息与智慧农业等重点领域发挥越来越重要的作用。

The Progress and Prtospect of Agrometeorology

Agrometeorology is a basic science of agronomy that focuses on the interactions and rules between meteorological condition and agriculture production. It is also an interdisciplinary subject relates to atmospheric, geological, biological, ecological, engineering, resource and environmental science, et al. In retrospect of the development history and route in the world and China, agrometeorology has been developed constantly by insisting on demand and issue guide to explore the scientific solutions for agricultural growth and science itself; insisting on tracing the international scientific frontier to perfect the relevant theories and methodologies so as to achieve a qualitative leap from interpretation science to experiment science; insisting on absorbing and merging the latest scientific findings and technical invention to derive emerging interdisciplinary branches and filed. The major science and technology findings in relate to agrometeorology, such as agro-climatic zonation in China, agro-climatic resource exploitation, agrometeorological forecast and yield estimation by remote sensing, climate change impact on agriculture, greenhouse gas emissions and its countries list, key technology and its regional governance of dryland agriculture, agrometeorological disaster prevention technology, urban facilities horticulture and so on, had played a fundamental and crucial role in ensuring national food security and supporting the development of modern agriculture. Looking forward to the future, agrometeorology will play a crucial role and function in the fields of agro-climatic resource and agricultural layout optimization, bio-meteorology and agricultural green growth, agrometeorological disaster mitigation and risk management, microclimate and plant factory, agrometeorological information and smart agriculture.