渔业科学知识体系和中国特色的渔业发展之路

渔业应定义为对水生生物资源进行开发利用及其相关经济和科技活动的产业,其渔业科学知识体系的形成始于近代渔业发展阶段。经过100多年的发展,渔业科学知识体系不仅包括渔业生物学、渔业捕捞学、水产养殖学,同时还包括由此带动起来的水产品加工与质量安全、渔业装备与工程、渔业经济与管理等学科。在中国,已从基础研究、水产教育和人才培养、推进产业科技进步等方面形成若干支撑渔业发展的重点学科领域。经过60多年的探索、徘徊、调整和创新,中国渔业走出了一条具有显著中国特色、以养殖为主的发展之路。展望未来,中国渔业必须遵循绿色发展理念,坚持渔业发展与生态环境保护协同共进,大力促进渔业生态文明建设,建设环境友好型水产养殖业和资源养护型捕捞业,促进增殖渔业和休闲渔业新业态的发展,以保证中国特色的渔业持续健康发展,为中国和世界做出新贡献。

Fisheries Science Knowledge System and Characteristic China Approach for Fisheries Development

Fisheries should be defined as an industry for the development of living aquatic resources and its interrelated economic and scientific activities. The fisheries science knowledge system (FSKS) started to evolve during the modern developmental stage of fisheries. After over 100 years’ development, FSKS embraces not only the sciences of fisheries biology, capture fisheries and aquaculture, but also takes in sciences they drove, such as aquatic product processing and quality safety, fisheries instrumentation and engineering, fisheries economy and management, etc. A number of key science fields supporting fisheries development have been evolved in China, covering basic research, fisheries education and talent cultivation, and promoting industrial technology progress. For over sixty years’ probing, wandering, adjustment and innovation, China fisheries have laid a road of development with significant China characteristics and aquaculture-priority. Looking into the future, China fisheries must abide by the concept of green development, insist on the synergy of fisheries development and eco-environmental conservation, vigorously promoting the construction of fisheries eco-civilization, constructing environmentally friendly aquaculture and resource conservation-based capture fisheries, promoting the new industry style of enhancement fisheries and recreational fisheries, so as to ensure the sustainable healthy development of China characteristic fisheries and make new contributions to China and to the world.