农业绿色高效节水研究现状与未来发展趋势

农业绿色高效节水是保障中国食物安全、农产品有效供给和农业可持续发展的重要措施。笔者分析了国内现代农业发展面临的新形势和国内外农业高效节水研究发展态势,指出了国内农业高效节水发展遇到的瓶颈和应关注的问题,提出了国内农业节水发展中应实现“四个转变”,即由单一节水灌溉技术向与农艺技术相结合转变,由单一高效节水向节水节肥节药一体化转变,由单一节水高产向节水提质高效转变,由重视节水面积数量向重视工程质量和效益转变;搞好“四个完善”,即完善节水科技推广与技术服务体系,完善农业节水试验与用水监测网络,完善农业节水补偿机制,完善节水产品市场准入机制;以及加强变化环境下农业高效节水科学研究工作的建议。指出了未来中国节水高效农业研究的关键科学问题,包括作物生命需水及对变化环境的响应、作物精量高效用水的多过程协同调控、作物生产-水资源-生态系统的互馈机制。

Current Status and Future Research Trend on Water-saving High-efficiency and Eco-friendly Agriculture

High-efficient and green water-saving in agriculture is an important measure to ensure food security, effective supply of agricultural products and sustainable agricultural development in our country. In the paper, we analyzed the current issues with the modern agricultural development in China and worldwide research trends in high-efficient water saving in agriculture. We also presented the bottlenecks and problems that need to be taken into consideration in developing high-efficient water-saving agriculture in China. “Four transformations” were proposed: from water-saving irrigation techniques alone to integrated irrigation techniques with agronomy measures, from high-efficient water saving alone to integrated water-saving, fertilizer-saving and pesticide-saving, from less water- high yield to less water-better quality- high efficiency; from promoting water-saving acreage alone to valuing quality and benefits of a project. We also proposed “four improvements”, i.e. improving water-saving technology promotion and service systems, improving experimental and monitoring networks on water-saving in agriculture, improving compensation mechanisms on water-saving in agriculture, and improving market entry mechanisms of water-saving products. More research on high-efficiency and water-saving agriculture under climate change was suggested. In the paper, we also put forward key science questions on future studies of water-saving and high-efficient agriculture in our country, including crop’s water demand and its responses to climate change, multiple-processes integrative regulation on crop’s precise and high-efficient water consumption, and feedback mechanisms of crop production- water resources- ecosystem nexus.