牦牛和犏牛促卵泡素受体基因5′-侧翼区序列多态性研究

本研究旨在分析牦牛和犏牛促卵泡素受体(follicle-stimulating hormone receptor,FSHR)基因的多态性,为从遗传角度上解决其繁殖产仔率低的问题提供参考,为筛选繁殖性状分子标记奠定理论基础。研究采用PCRSSCP和直接测序技术,对麦洼牦牛、九龙牦牛、大通牦牛和犏牛共110头个体的FSHR基因5′-侧翼区进行遗传多态性分析,统计基因频率和基因型频率,进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡性检测,计算纯合度、杂合度、多态信息含量和有效等位基因数等遗传多态性指标。结果表明,麦洼牦牛、大通牦牛和九龙牦牛FSHR基因5′-侧翼区核苷酸序列具有多态性,犏牛无多态性;麦洼牦牛存在AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,九龙牦牛和大通牦牛均存在AA、AB 2种基因型,AB基因型在3个牦牛品种中占绝对优势,等位基因A为优势等位基因;麦洼牦牛、九龙牦牛和大通牦牛的多态信息含量分别为0.3693、0.3565、0.3705,均达到了中度多态(0.25PIC0.5),表明各牦牛品种遗传变异较大。

Study on Polymorphism of 5'-Flank Region of FSHR Gene in Yak and Cattle-yak

In this study, the genetic polymorphism of 5''-flank region of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene in yaks and cattle-yak were detected in order to offer the materials and theoretical foundation for solving the problem of lower yak''s reproduction rate and screening the molecular markers for reproductive traits. The polymorphism of the partial 5''-flank region of the FSHR gene in 110 individuals from Maiwa yaks, Jiulong yaks, Datong yaks and cattle-yak was analyzed by PCR-SSCP. The parameters of alleles frequency, genotype frequency, linkage equilibrium of Hardy-Weinberg, heterozygosity (H), effective numbers of alleles (Ne) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were calculated by statistical methods. The results showed that the 5''-flank region of FSHR gene in Maiwa yak, Datong yak and Jiulong yak had polymorphism, but no polymorphism found in cattle-yak. There were three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) in Maiwa yak, two genotypes (AA and AB) in Jiulong yak and Datong yak, AB genotype was favorable genotype in three yak breeds, and A allele was favorable allele. The polymorphism information content were 0.3693, 0.3565 and 0.3705 in Maiwa yak, Jiulong yak and Datong yak, respectively, which reached a moderate polymorphism (0.25<PIC<0.5). It indicated that there was greater genetic variation in all yak breeds.