漂白粉蓄积对日本蟳4种组织超微结构的影响

根据急性毒性试验确定了漂白粉对日本蟳的安全质量浓度为0．6mg／L，采用透射电镜技术研究了该质量浓度下漂白粉蓄积对日本蟳4种组织细胞(肌肉、鳃、肝胰脏和心脏)超微结构的影响。试验结果表明：漂白粉主要损伤日本蟳的鳃和肝胰脏，其次是心脏，肌肉基本无损害。鳃细胞的损害表现为鳃丝水肿，细胞器溶解，角质层变薄，线粒体、内质网的肿胀、解体；肝胰脏细胞的主要损害特征为肝管微绒毛减少、线粒体水肿解体、内质网扩张、细胞核空泡化、核膜水肿、脂肪滴增加；心脏细胞的毒理变化为线粒体内嵴肿胀、瓦解，肌原纤维不规则，内质网溶解。安全质量浓度的漂白粉经16d蓄积后，虽没有导致日本蟳死亡，但已对其体内的鳃、肝胰脏、心脏等组织细胞的超微结构产生了不同程度的影响。

Effects of Accumulated Bleaching Powder on Ultrastructure of four Tissues in Charybdis japonica

The acute toxicity of bleaching powder to Charybdis japonica was determined, and its safety concentration was 0.6 mg/L. The effects of bleaching powder accumulation at the safety concentration on ultrastructure of the cells in heart, gill, muscles and hepatopancreas were studied. The results showed that there were much more changes in gills and hepatopancreas than in hearts. The muscles had relatively stable ultrastructure compared to the control group. The gill cells treated with the chemical had significant variation in the ultrastructure, with destroyed muscle including swollen endoplasmic reticulum and dilated and vesiculated cristae in mitochondria. The cuticles of gill fibres were denatured and departed. The decrease in microvilli, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum number and increase in lipid droplets were observed, and disruption and vacuolization of nuclei and swollen nuclear membrane appeared. Mitochondria showed swelling and vacuolus, and myofibrils were broken and contracted functions of myocardium were lost, even with irregular light and dark bands. The crabs, which had been exposed to bleaching powder for 16 days, were still alive, but the ultrastructural damages occurred in the cells of gills, hepatopancreas, and heart.