长沙地区典型生境中外来入侵植物组成及入侵危害研究

为了全面摸清长沙地区典型生境中外来入侵植物的种类构成、区系组成，为保护长沙地区本地生态系统，防止外来植物的入侵危害提供决策依据，以长沙市9种土地利用类型、22种生境类型为调查对象，采取标准样地法、样方法、样线法进行外来入侵植物实地调查，通过文献资料对调查物种进行了补充。调查结果表明，长沙地区有外来入侵植物116种，隶属38科83属，其中菊科(29种)、豆科(12种)及苋科(11种)为优势科，占物种总数的44.83%;种类最多的属为苋属(5种)和大戟属(5种)。原产地分析结果表明，81种外来入侵植物来自美洲地区，占物种总数的69.83%。从入侵等级来看，处于恶性入侵种(1级)、严重入侵种(2级)、局部入侵种(3级)的物种数分别为21、24、14种。植物区系分析结果显示，长沙地区外来入侵植物科的主要分布类型为世界广布、泛热带分布；属的主要分布类型依次为泛热带分布、世界分布、东亚(热带、亚热带)及热带南美间断分布、北温带分布。

Composition, invasion and harm of invasive alien plants in typical habitats of Changsha area

This study aimed to determine the species composition and the floristic composition of invasive alien plant species in typical habitats in Changsha area, and to provide decision-making basis for the protection of local ecosystem in Changsha from alien invasive plants. Nine land-use types and 22 habitat types in Changsha were investigated. The field investigation of alien invasive plants was carried out by using standard plot method, quadrat method and line transect method, and the investigated species were supplemented by literature study. There were 116 invasive alien plants in Changsha, belonging to 38 families and 83 genera, of which Asteraceae (29 species), Leguminosae (12 species) and Amaranthaceae (11 species) were the dominant families, accounting for 44.83% of the total number of species; the genera with the most species were Amaranthus (five species) and Euphorbia (five species). Origin analysis showed that 81 invasive alien plant species originated from the American region, accounting for 69.83% of the total number of species. In terms of invasion level, the numbers of aggressive invasive species (level 1), serious invasive species (level 2), and local invasive species (level 3) were 21, 24, and 14, respectively. The results of floristic analysis suggested that the main distribution types of alien invasive plant families in Changsha are worldwide and pantropical distributions; the main distribution types of genera are pantropical distribution, worldwide distribution, intermittent distribution in East Asia (tropical and subtropical) and tropical South America, and north temperate distribution, in that order.