鲢滤食器官胚后发育生物学的研究

通过显微解剖、肉眼解剖、石蜡切片、光镜和扫描电镜观察等方法,系统观测全长5～395mm鲢标本730多尾,描述了鲢鳃耙和鳃耙网、腭褶、鳃耙管等滤食器官的形态学特点和数量性状在胚后发育过程中的变化规律;论述了鲢滤食器官发育与摄食方式的转化、摄食器官的数量性状发育与适口食物和食物组成的转变、鳃耙间距在胚后发育过程中的变化、鳃耙管的功能、鲢对食物的选择性、鲢滤食器官发育与苗种培育阶段的划分和饲养生物学技术措施。为制定培育鲢苗种和饲养食用鱼生物学技术措施提供了理论依据。

A study on the Biology of Post-larval Development of the Filtering Apparatus in Silver Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix )

Developmental morphology of the filtering apparatus from silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) varying from 5 mm to 395 mm in total length (n>730) was observed by dissection, slide sections, light and scanning electronic microscopies. The following aspects were described: 1. developmental characteristics of gill rakers, suprabranchial organ and palatal organ including the formation of gill rakers and branchial sieve, differentiation of wide gill rakers and narrow gill rakers and development of palatal organ and suprabranchial organ; 2- changes in quantitative traits with filtering apparatus development, e. g. mouth size (opening) , number, density, and length of a gill raker both inside and outside suprabranchial organ, distance between the adjacent gill rakers, number, density , and length of lateral protuberances on filtering lamellae, and distances between the later- al protuberances. Also, more questions were discussed about: 1) relationship between the development of filtering apparatus and feeding behaviour; 2) relationship between changes in quantitative character of filtering apparatus and optimal food; 3) changes in distance between the adjacent gill rakers during post - larval development; 4) functions of suprabranchial organ ; 5) selectivity for food by silver carp; 6) relationship between development of filtering apparatus and phase division of fry and fingerling rearing and its biological technique.