植物SWEET蛋白的结构与分类及功能研究进展

植物SWEET蛋白是一类重要的转运蛋白，研究其生理生化功能，有助于分子辅助育种，缩短育种年限。本文基于文献资料，梳理归纳了近年来国内外的植物SWEET蛋白的结构、分类、转运底物和功能方面的相关研究进展，阐述表明SWEET蛋白是植物中广泛存在的一类糖转运体，既能转运单糖又能转运蔗糖，属于Mt N3家族。不同植物间的SWEET蛋白具有一定的保守性，根据亲缘关系SWEET家族可以分为四类。植物SWEET蛋白是位于膜系统上，参与糖分的跨膜转运，在植物生长发育及逆境胁迫中均有不同程度的调控作用，如调控花蜜的分泌、花粉的营养、灌浆期种子的发育、果实发育、植物抗逆性和抗病性等。然而不同植物的SWEET蛋白转运底物和调控功能不同，目前仅在拟南芥等少数植物中研究较为深入。

Advances in Structure, Classification and Functions of SWEET Protein in Plants

The yield and quality of crops depend on sugar transport and regulation. In this paper, we reviewed the structure, classification, transport substrates and functions of SWEET protein, in order to lay a foundation for the study of SWEET protein in other plants. SWEET transporter is a newly discovered sugar transporter located in membrane system, which can transport both hexose and sucrose and belongs to Mt N3 family. SWEET proteins are conserved in different plants, and the SWEET family can be divided into four groups according to their relatives. plant SWEET protein plays an important role in plant growth and development, biological and abiotic stress response, such as regulating nectar secretion, pollen nutrition, seed development during grain filling, fruit development, plant stress resistance and disease resistance. However, the transport substrates and regulatory functions of SWEET proteins are different in different plants, and only in a few plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana had this protein been studied in depth.