花生主要经济性状遗传特点分析

用16个F4:5家系的384个株系和8个亲本、1个对照种为材料，研究了花生亲本5个产量性状和2个品质性状的遗传特点，讨论了在花生杂交组合选配上的应用。（1）亲本性状值与其一般配合力表现正相关。在产量性状的基因效应中，加性效应占优势，在品质性状上则是加性效应和非加性效应均很重要。（2）相对遗传力的变异较为复杂，既因亲本而异、又因性状而异，在单株饱果数、籽仁产量、出仁率、脂肪含量上小值亲本对大值亲本占优势，在百仁重、蛋白质含量上大值亲本占优势。（3）在组合选配时，应选用重要性状都好的品种作亲本、且双亲性状值差异不宜太大，即用“优×优”组合模式，以确保杂种后代中分离出较多期望型个体。

Analysis on the genetic characteristics of major economic traits in peanut

Five yield and two quality traits were investigated with 384 peanut lines derived from 16 F4:5 families,8 parents of the combinations,and a control.The results showed that the phenotypic value and general combining ability(GCA) are relevant in the traits.The additive effect predominated in the yield traits but was equally important with the dominant effect in the quality traits.The variation of the relative heritability in the traits was more complex.The relative heritability of the parent with the low phenotypic value was high in four traits,mature pods and seed yield per plant,shelling percentage and fat content,but was low in 100-seed weight and protein content.