滴灌施肥对红毛丹产量、品质及经济效益的影响

为探索有利于提升红毛丹产量和品质、提高水肥料利用效率的大田滴灌施肥有效模式，田间小区试验以海南保亭当地主栽的‘保研7号’红毛丹(BR-7)为对象，设3个处理，不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(FP)和滴灌施肥(DF)，研究不同灌溉施肥方式对红毛丹产量、果实品质以及经济效益的影响。与常规施肥比较，滴灌施肥处理红毛丹产量可达到5570.4 kg/hm²，增产率达24.84%。果实内在品质得到提高，可溶性固形物、Vc、固酸比分别为21.7%、44.66 mg/100 g、68.49，比常规处理分别提高9.60%、25.20%、31.21%；可滴定酸为0.36%，较常规处理降低13.19%。纯收益比常规处理提高14362元/hm²，增加76.32%；VCR(vario-cost ratio)值由1.91上升到2.81。N、P₂O₅、K₂O分别节省44.57%、21.89%、9.63%。滴灌施肥技术具有提升产量和品质、节省肥料和人工及促进增收的优势，是一项适于在红毛丹大田生产中推广应用的新型灌溉施肥技术。

Effects of Drip Fertigation on Yield, Quality and Economic Benefit of Rambutan

In order to find out the best combination of water and fertilizer in the production of rambutan and to achieve the goal of saving fertilizer and maintaining high yield and good quality, a field plot experiment was carried out in Baoting county to investigate the effects of drip fertigation and farmer’s practice on rambutan yield, fruit quality and economic benefit. The experiment included three treatments: no fertilizer (CK), farmer’s practice (FP) and drip fertigation (DF)．The results showed that the yield of DF was 5570.4 kg/hm², fruit total soluble solid was 21.7%, vitamin C was 44.66 mg/100 g and the TSS-acid ratio was 68.49, increased by 24.84%, 9.60%, 25.20% and 31.21% respectively than those of FP. The total titration acid of DF was 0.36%, 13.19% lower than that of FP. Applying drip fertigation could increase the net income by 14362 yuan/hm², reduce the use of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O by 44.57%, 21.89% and 9.63% respectively, and promote the vario-cost ratio from 1.91 to 2.81 compared with FP. The treatment of DF was most conductive to the yield, quality and nutrient uptake and use efficiency of rambutan. Drip fertigation is a suitable model for rambutan cultivation in hilly districts since it can enhance the growth of crops, increase the yield, improve the quality of crops, lower production costs as well as increase the economic benefits.