生物质炭与草炭混配基质的养分状况及其对凤仙花生长的影响

为减少无土栽培对草炭等不可再生资源的依赖，促进农业废弃物资源化利用，本研究探讨以生物质炭替代传统栽培基质进行凤仙花栽培，通过盆栽试验研究了生物质炭及草炭不同比例混配作为生长基质对凤仙花生长的影响。试验设置了生物质炭与草炭不同的混配比例，分别是单一草炭基质（B0P5），生物质炭与草炭体积比为1：4（B1P4）、2：3（B2P3）、3：2（B3P2）、4：1（B4P1）和单一生物质炭基质（B5P0）共6个处理，分析了不同配比基质的化学性质，并对各处理凤仙花生长情况及观赏指标进行了统计分析。结果表明，随着生物质炭添加量的增加基质pH逐步升高，添加生物质炭的基质（B1P4、B2P3、B3P2、B4P1、B5P0）pH分别为7.01、6.90、7.34、7.83和9.05，较单一草炭基质提高了18.76%~55.77%，且差异均达显著水平；B1P4处理和B2P3处理的基质有效磷含量分别为292.10、266.53 mg·kg^-1，较单一草炭基质提高28.57%、17.32%，差异达显著水平。适量添加生物质炭可有效调节基质pH、并提高基质有效磷含量，并促进凤仙花生长，其中B1P4处理株高在苗期、生长期、开花期和成熟期分别较单一草炭基质提高42.39%、81.83%、23.66%、24.72%。B2P3处理开花数最多，整个花期分别较单一草炭基质处理增加21.05%~133.33%，且差异显著。研究表明，草炭混配适量生物质炭可有效促进凤仙花生长，增加凤仙花观赏价值。

Effect of biochar and peat on the growth of Impatiens balsamina as a growth medium

In order to promote the utilization of agricultural waste and reduce the dependence on non-renewable resources such as peat in soilless culture, the corn stalks were converted into biochar and replaced the traditional substrate for Impatiens cultivation. Pot experiments including 6 treatments as B0P5 (single peat matrix), B1P4 (biochar to peat was 1:4), B2P3 (biochar to peat was 2:3), B3P2 (biochar to peat was 3:2),B4P1 (biochar to peat was 4:1) and B5P0 (the single biochar matrix) were conducted to study the effects of different ratios of biochar and peat as growth substrate on the growth of Impatiens balsamina. The chemical properties and nutrient status of the substrates with different proportions were studied, and statistical analysis was performed on the growth and ornamental indicators of Impatiens balsamina. The results showed that the pH of the substrate increased with the increase of biochar addition, reached at 7.01 (B1P4), 6.90 (B2P3), 7.34 (B3P2), 7.83 (B4P1) and 9.05 (B5P0), respectively, which was 18.76%~55.77% higher than that of the sole peat substrate, and the difference was significant. The effective phosphorus content of B1P4 and B2P3 was 292.10 mg·kg^-1 and 266.53 mg·kg^-1, respectively, which was higher than that of the single peat substrate. The content increased by 28.57% and 17.32%, and the difference reached a significant level. Appropriate addition of biochar could effectively adjust the pH of the matrix and increase the available phosphorus content of the matrix and promote the growth of Impatiens balsamina. In the flowering and maturation stage, the plant height of Impatiens balsamina increased first and then decreased with the addition of biochar in the substrate. B1P4 treatment was 42.39% (seedling), 81.83% (growth), 23.66% (flowering) and 24.72% (maturity) higher than that of single peat substrate in each growth period, the flowering number of B2P3 was the most, and the whole flowering period increased by 21.05%~133.33% compared with the single peat substrate treatment, and the difference was significant. The appropriate addition of biochar to peat effectively improved the physicochemical properties of the substrate and thus increased plant height and stem diameter of Impatiens balsamina, delayed leaf chlorosis, prolonged flowering period, and effectively increased the ornamental value of Impatiens balsamina.