4种麦秸还田/玉米播种模式比较

为充分利用秸秆资源,更好发挥现代农机装备作用,设置4种小麦秸秆还田/玉米播种模式,研究耕层土壤含水量、有机质质量分数、玉米播种质量、生长发育、产量和经济效益差异。结果表明:秸秆粉碎免耕播种保墒效果好,植株抗倒,但秸秆抛撒不匀常造成播种机入土部件挂草壅堵、缺苗断垄。翻埋秸秆旋耕播种当季有机质增加较多,但保墒效果差,倒伏风险较大,环节多成本高。秸秆打捆免耕播种还田量少,但出苗较好,保墒、抗倒,产量较高,且增加了秸秆收入。洁区播种可一次完成小麦秸秆粉碎、玉米播种、秸秆覆盖,且播种质量高、保墒抗倒效果好,增产明显,经济效益最佳。说明提高播种质量、确保单位面积穗数是玉米高产的基础,播种区域相对"洁净"是提高播种质量的关键,秸秆覆盖起到蓄水保墒作用,免耕播种玉米抗倒能力强,洁区播种模式实现了以上要素的结合,节本增效显著,值得大力推广。

Comparative Study on Four Wheat Straw Returning /Maize Seeding Patterns

In order to make full use of straw resources and better play the role of modern agricultural machinery and equipment, four wheat straw returning/maize sowing patterns were set up to study the difference of soil moisture content, organic mass fraction, sowing quality, maize growth, yield and economic efficiency. The results showed that: straw power and no-tillage planting had good effect on moisture conservation, and the plants were resistant to lodging, but the uneven dispersion straw often caused the planter to hang grass and block the sowing ports;the effect of moisture conservation by burying the straw was poor,but it had the higher risk of lodging and the high cost;the emergence of straw baling and no-tillage planting were better, the moisture conservation of soil was better, the plant was resistant to lodging, and the yield was higher, and the straw income was increased;sowing in the clean area could complete wheat straw grinding, maize sowing and straw mulching at one time, and the emergence quality was high, the moisture conservation of soil was better, the plant resistant to lodging was good, the increase of the yield was obvious, and the economic benefit was best. In conclusion,the foundation for high yield of maize is laid to improve the quality of sowing and ensure the number of panicles per unit area.The key to improve the quality of sowing is keep relatively clean in the planting area. The straw coverage plays the role of water storage and preservation. Planting maize with no-tillage is resistant to lodging.The patterns of the sowing in clean area has combinned all above element,this cost-saving synergy is remarkable and is very worth promoting.