黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草组成及群落特征

为明确黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草组成及群落特征,采用倒置W型九点取样法对黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草进行了调查,并进行了区域聚类分析。调查结果表明:从杂草种类来看,黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草共有49种,隶属于17科45属,其中禾本科、菊科、十字花科和石竹科种类最多,分别有10、8、7和6种;从杂草优势度来看,优势杂草有7种,分别为看麦娘Alopecurus aequalis、硬草Sclerochloa kengiana、猪殃殃Galium aparine、牛繁缕Malachium aquaticum、稻槎菜Lapsana apogonoides、荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris、日本看麦娘A. japonicus,区域性优势杂草有6种,分别为野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum、碎米芥Cardamine hirsuta、大巢菜Vicia gigantea、通泉草Mazus japonicus、菵草Beckmannia syzigachne、委陵菜Potentilla chinensis,这13种杂草是构成黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田的主要杂草,此外还分布有一般性杂草36种;从杂草区域分布来看,江苏省北部稻麦轮作区小麦田物种丰富度最高,有40种,明显高于其它稻麦轮作区小麦田,香农指数和均匀度指数也以该区域最高,分别为2.63和0.71,辛普森指数则以山东省临沂库灌稻麦区最高,为0.27。聚类分析结果表明,黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草群落可以划分为4组,河南省南部稻麦轮作区和山东省临沂库灌稻麦轮作区杂草群落结构相似构成1组,河南省北部沿黄稻麦轮作区和山东省沿黄稻麦轮作区杂草群落结构相似构成1组;江苏省北部稻麦轮作区和山东省济宁滨湖稻麦轮作区各自单独成组。

Species composition and characterization of weed communities in rice-wheat rotation area in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

To determine the species composition and characterization of weed communities in ricewheat rotation area in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, weed survey was conducted with sampling methods of inverted W-pattern. The results showed that 49 weed species belonging to 45 genera of 17 families were found, among them, the most species of Gramineae, Compositae, Cruciferae and Caryophyllaceae were ten, eight, seven and six, respectively. From weed species dominance, seven species were considered as dominant weeds, including Alopecurus aequalis, Sclerochloa kengiana, Galium aparine, Malachium aquaticum, Lapsana apogonoides, Capsella bursa-pastoris, A. japonicus, and six species as regional dominant weeds, including Geranium carolinianum, Cardamine hirsuta, Vicia gigantea, Mazus japonicus, Beckmannia syzigachne, Potentilla chinensis and 36 species as normal weeds. Rice-wheat rotation area in northern Jiangsu possessed the highest species richness of 40 species, the Shannon index and the evenness index were the highest in this region, which were 2.63 and 0.71, respectively, and the Simpson index in rice-wheat rotation area in Linyi of Shandong was the highest with 0.27. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that weeds in Huang-Huai-Hai Region were in four groups:rice-wheat rotation area in southern Henan and rice-wheat rotation area in Linyi of Shandong, rice-wheat rotation area along Yellow River in northern Henan and rice-wheat rotation area along Yellow River in Shandong, rice-wheat rotation area in northern Jiangsu, rice-wheat rotation area in Jining of Shandong.