秸秆还田对土壤微生物影响的研究进展

秸秆还田是有效利用秸秆资源的重要途径。土壤微生物在秸秆腐解和营养元素释放过程中具有举足轻重的作用,而另一方面秸秆本身也会对土壤微生物产生较大的影响。秸秆还田概况入手,从不同的秸秆还田方式、外源添加物、不同的秸秆还田量、耕作制度和转基因秸秆几个方面综述了目前国内外秸秆还田对土壤微生物影响的研究报告。目前已有文献的研究大多集中在土壤微生物量方面,但并没有形成一致的观点,且缺乏对土壤微生物长期动态和功能群的研究。据此认为应在今后的研究中加强以下几个方面：以更为先进的方法结合多种研究手段揭示秸秆还田过程中土壤微生物的实际情况;开展关于秸秆分解整个过程中土壤微生物的动态变化研究;以微生物功能群为单位研究秸秆还田对微生物的影响;采用多种不同的方法和长期的观察以研究转基因作物秸秆还田后对土壤微生物生态的影响。

Research Progress of Effect of Straw Returning on Soil Microorganism

Straw returning was an effective way to utilize straw resource. While playing an important role m the decomposition of straw and nutrient cycling, soil microbes were also subject to influences from straw. This paper summarized studies on effects of straw returning on soil microbes from the perspective of returning techniques, additives, returning amounts, farming system and transgenic straw. The existing research hterature mostly focused on soil microbial biomass. However, there was no concurrent conclusion and there were few reports on soil microbes＇ long-term dynamics or functional groups. Therefore, future research should focus on following issues： actual status of soil microbes, which should be revealed by utilizing better methods; dynamic study of soil microbes throughout the whole process of decomposition; effects of straw returning on soil microbes studied at the level of functional group; varies methods and long term observation for the study on the effects of transgenic straw on microbes.