典型工业区河道水与底泥氟污染分布及评价

[目的]评价分析浙江省温州市龙湾工业区永强塘河及中横河干支流河道水与底泥氟污染程度和空间分布特征,确定水氟污染严重河道和污染源,为河道水氟污染治理修复提供科学依据。[方法]在野外实地采样基础上,利用离子选择电极法、单因子污染指数法和相关统计法对河道水和底泥氟含量进行测定,评价氟污染程度并探讨氟污染来源。[结果]永强塘河与中横河主干及支流河道采样断面水氟含量超标率分别达到96%和83.3%,永强塘河中游主干及东、西两侧支流河道采样断面水氟污染达到中度和重度污染等级比例分别为60%,85.7%和80%,中横河经开区河段主干和东侧支流河道水氟污染达到重度等级的采样断面比例依次为80%和75%,河道底泥氟污染全部在轻度及以下等级;71.4%的河道采样断面水氟含量与沿岸不锈钢类企业数量相关系数超过0.9。[结论]以含氟工业废水治理为重点,大力开展永强塘河中游支流河道、中横河经济开区主干及东侧支流河道水氟污染综合整治,可有效改善研究区河道水环境质量。

Evaluation and Distribution of River Water and Sediment Fluoride Pollution in Typical Industrial Area

[Objective] To evaluate and analyze the fluorine pollution degree and its spatial distribution characteristics of river water and sediment in the main and tributary channels of Yongqiangtang River and Zhongheng River that lie in Longwan industrial area in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province and to locate the serious water fluoride pollution river channel and pollution source, in order to provide scientific basis for the treatment of river water fluoride pollution.[Methods] On the basis of field sampling, ion selective electrode method, single factor pollution index method and correlation statistics method were used to measure the fluorine content, to evaluate the fluoride pollution degree, and to discuss the fluoride pollution sources.[Results] The exceeding standard rates of water fluorine content of sampling section on the main and tributary channels of Yongqiangtang River and Zhongheng River were 96% and 83.3%. The proportion of sampling sections on the main, east and west tributary channels of middle reaches of Yongqiangtang River, was 60%, 85.7% and 80%, where the water fluoride pollution grades were evaluated as moderate and severe. The sampled section ratios that were determined as severe on the main and east tributary channel of Zhongheng River in industrial area were 80% and 75%. The sediment fluoride pollution grades of Yongqiangtang River and Zhongheng River were mild and less than mild. Water fluorine content and the number of stainless steel enterprises were closely correlated and about 71.4% of the sampled section ratios had their correlations over 0.9.[Conclusion] The treatment of fluoride-polluted industrial wastewater should be focused, the river water fluoride pollution remediation on the tributary channels of middle reaches of Yongqiangtang River, the main and east tributary channels of Zhongheng River in the industrial area should be carried out. On that precondition, the water environmental quality might be improved effectively.