走治理水土流失建设生态农业的新路子

<正>1 治理开发的成效延安市是黄河中游水土流失最为严重的地区之一.水土流失面积2.88万km~2,占总土地面积的78.4%,年平均土壤侵蚀模数9000t/km~2,严重的水土流失不仅是导致群众生活长期贫困的主要原因,也是制约经济、社会持续发展的重要因素.新中国建立之后,特别是“七五”以来,我们始终坚持把治理水土流失作为发展经济、脱贫致富的长期战略任务来抓,通过不断地实践、总结、认识和探索,全市的水土流失治理进入了讲求科学、注重效益、大现模治理开发的新阶段.到1996年底,全市共兴修基本农田25.16万hm~2,人均0.16hm~2,造林76.9万hm~2,种草37.18万hm~2,森林覆盖率由新中国建立之初的14.4%提高到42.9%;完成水土流失治理措施面积1.67万km~2,占水土流失总面积的58%.“七五”以来的11年间,年平均治 理面积超过1000km~2,治理速度是“七五”前的6.3倍.

A New Way of Controlling Soil Loss to Construct Ecological Agriculture

Yan' an City is one of the areas with most serious soil loss in middle Yellow River, the soil loss area is 28.8 thousand km2, occupying 78.4% of the total land area, the average annual soil erosion modulus is 9000 t/km2. Through more than 40 years comprehensive management, by the end of 1996, the city had built 251.6 thousand ha of basic farmland, planted 769 thousand ha of forest and 371 .8 thou-sand ha of grass. Vegetation cover increased from 14.4% in the first period after the founding of the People' s Republic of China to 42.9% in 1996, 16.7 thousand km2 of soil loss control area was completed. According to the survey, all soil conserving measures could restore 250 million tons of rainfall and retain 90 million tons of sand, sediment entering the Yellow River reduced from 258 million tons to 220 million tons. In rural areas, the grain output per capita was stable about 400 ~ 500 kg, the income per capita reached 1120 yuan, and poor people decreased from 670 thousand in 1985 to 236 thousand in 1996.