一年生川牛膝干物质积累与氮、 磷、 钾营养吸收特性研究

旨在为川牛膝高产栽培和合理施肥提供依据.定期在不同生育时期对3份不同的川牛膝材料A3、B1、B2进行取样,分别测定其各自地上和地下部分干物质质量,及其氮、磷、钾含量,探讨氮、磷、钾分配积累规律.结果表明,川牛膝地上和地下部分干物质质量随着生育进程不断增加.川牛膝不同生育时期各部分中氮、磷、钾含量和吸收积累量皆不同,3种营养元素吸收积累量的大小顺序为氮＞钾＞磷；氮、磷、钾含量皆以营养生长期间含量最高,从生殖生长时期开始降低；对氮的吸收积累集中在营养生长阶段,磷、钾吸收积累多集中于生殖生长阶段.生产上,每生产100 kg干物质需要N、P2O5、K2O分别为4.90～6.69 kg,0.71～0.79 kg,2.98～5.16 kg.川牛膝大田栽培时应施足底肥,保证7、8月快速生长时的需求；川牛膝生殖生长期干物质积累速度最快,生产上应在8月底(生殖生长之前)追施磷、钾肥.

Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake Characteristics of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of Annual Cyathula officinalis Kuan. from Sichuan Province

The aim was to provide the theoretical basis for improving the yield and utilizing the adequate fertilizer to cultivate Cyathula officinalis. Three accessions of C. officinalis, A3, B1 and B2 from Sichuan were sampled regularly random at different growing time, the contents and the distribution and accumulation characteristic of N, P and K of two parts (aerial and underground) were tested. The dry matter weights were also determined. The dry matter accumulation of all parts from C. officinalis increased steadily with the growing periods. The contents and the distribution and accumulation characteristic of N, P and K of two parts were diversity in different growing periods of C. officinalis. In the whole growth period of C. officinalis, the accumulation of N, P and K was N>K>P, and the content of these nutrient elements were the highest at vegetative growth phase, starting decreasing from reproductive stage. For C. officinalis, the accumulation of N was at vegetative growth phase, P and K were at reproductive stage. For production of 100 kg dry matter, 4.90-6.69 kg N, 0.71-0.79 kg P2O5 and 2.98-5.16 kg K2O were needed. Conclusion: To assure the meet of growth rapidly at August and September, C. officinalis from Sichuan should be given enough base fertilizer in field cultivation. As the important periods at reproduction stage, the speeds of dry matter accumulation were the fastest. So, phosphorus and potassium should be supplied during the late of August (before reproduction stage).