哺乳动物胚胎干细胞研究进展

胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells, ES)是指从桑椹胚或附植前囊胚内细胞团分离的多潜能细胞,它具有体外培养无限增殖、自我更新和多向分化的特性。无论在体外还是体内环境,ES细胞都能被诱导分化为机体几乎所有的细胞类型。自1981年Evans和Kaufman首次成功分离小鼠ES细胞,国内外研究人员已在仓鼠、大鼠、兔、猪、牛、绵羊、山羊、水貂、恒河猴、美洲长尾猴以及人类都分离获得了ES细胞,而且已经证明小鼠ES细胞可以分化为心肌细胞、造血细胞、卵黄囊细胞、骨髓细胞、平滑肌细胞、脂肪细胞、软骨细胞、成骨细胞、内皮细胞、黑素细胞、神经细胞、神经胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、淋巴细胞、胰岛细胞、滋养层细胞等。人类ES细胞也可以分化为滋养层细胞、神经细胞、神经胶质细胞、造血细胞、心肌细胞等。ES细胞不仅可以作为体外研究细胞分化和发育调控机制的模型,而且还可以作为一种载体,将通过同源重组产生的基因组的定点突变导入个体,更重要的是,ES细胞将会给人类移植医学带来一场革命。

The recent progress of research on mammal embryonic stem cell

Embryonic stem (ES) cells, derived from preimplantation embryos, are undifferent-iated, immortal cells capable of differentiating into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers.Pluripotential ES cells have been used extensively in studies of embryogenesis, gene function, and development in the mouse. ES cells transferred to a mouse blastocyst can contribute substantially to all differentiated cell types in the fetus, including the germ line. Consequently, gene targeting within ES cells has enabled both Whole-animal studies of gene function and the production of mouse models of human genetic diseases and abnormalities. ES cells have also been used to study the differentiation on various cell types and tissues in vitro, such as neural cells, hematopoietic lineages, and cardiomyocytes. ES-derived cells have been successfully transplanted into fetal and adult mice, where they have demonstrated morphological and functional integration. ES cells would have broad applications in basic research and transplantation therapies.