珠江口竹洲人工鱼礁与相邻天然礁附着生物群落结构研究

2011年9月利用潜水原位采样法对竹洲人工鱼礁及附近天然岛礁上附着生物群落进行了调查。此次调查共记录附着生物68种，多属于热带一亚热带暖水种，其中优势种为网纹藤壶（Balanusreticulatus）、华美盘管虫（Hydroideselegans）和马氏珠母贝（Pinctadamartensi）。投礁6个月的礁体上附着生物种类和生物量与天然岛礁上附着生物存在显著差异，投礁12个月礁体上附着生物种类与天然岛礁上附着生物差异有减少趋势，生物量不存在显著差异。聚类分析表明竹洲礁区海域附着生物群落可划分为2个群落，投礁12个月礁体与天然岛礁同属一个群落，投礁6个月礁体附着生物为一个群落。人工鱼礁附着生物群落演替过程中改变了礁体表面空间结构，空间异质性提高，人工鱼礁附着生物群落逐步向着天然岛礁附着生物群落的方向发展。

Fouling communities on neighboring artificial and natural reefs in Zhu Island, Pearl River estuary

We investigated the fouling communities on neighboring artificial and natural reefs in Zhu Island in September, 2011 by si- tu diving. A total of 68 species of fouling organisms were identified, which are mostly tropical-subtropical warm-water species, and Balanus reticulatus, Hydroides elegans and Pinctada martensi are the dominant species. The number of species and biomass of fouling organisms on the artificial reefs which had been placed for 6 months is significantly different from that on the natural reefs, while the difference between the artificial and natural reefs placed for one year diminished with no significant difference in biomass. The Cluster a- nalysis show that Zhu Island has 2 fouling communities ： one is the artificial and natural reefs placed for one year, and the other is the fouling organisms on the artificial reefs placed for 6 months. Community succession of fouling organisms had changed the surface con- struction of artificial reefs and increased the spatial heterogeneity, so the fouling communities deposited on artificial reefs in the past may gradually be deposited on natural reefs.