施肥水平和种植密度对张杂谷5号产量及其构成要素的影响

优质高产的杂交谷子为我国乃至世界的粮食保障提供了有力保障, 但良种需良法配套, 为此研究杂交谷的最佳栽培条件。采用5因素二次通用旋转组合设计, 探讨氮、磷、钾、行距和株距对张杂谷5号产量及其构成因素穗数、穗粒数、千粒重的影响。结果表明, 产量与穗数、穗粒数显著正相关, 而与千粒重无显著相关。氮、行距、磷、钾对产量和穗粒数有显著影响, 氮肥和行距影响较大, 而磷和钾肥影响较小。行距、株距和氮对穗数有显著影响, 随着施氮量的增加以及株距和行距的缩小, 穗数呈增加趋势。施磷水平对千粒重有显著影响, 随着施磷量的增加, 千粒重表现先升后降的趋势。在研究的5个因素中, 施氮水平、施钾水平以及株距之间交互作用对穗粒数和产量有显著影响；施氮水平与株距之间的交互作用对千粒重有显著影响。该5因素与产量间回归关系极显著, 拟合程度较高, 可用于实际生产预测。使张杂谷5号产量最大的农艺方案为N施用量186 kg hm^–2, P₂O₅施用量95 kg hm^–2, K₂O施用量60 kg hm^–2, 行距23 cm, 株距13 cm, 预期产量为6 683 kg hm^–2。

Effects of Fertilizer and Planting Density on Yield and Yield Components in Foxtail Millet Hybrid Zhangzagu 5

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is of high nutritious value, which has been mostly used for foods in Africa and Asia or Central and South America. To investigate the effects of fertilizer and density on yield and yield components of Zhangzagu 5, we conducted an experiment based on quadratic general rotary unitized design with three replications. The results demonstrated that the yield was significantly positively correlated with ears per ha and grains per ear, but not with 1000-grain weight. The levels of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium and the row spacing all showed significant effects on grains per ear and yield, and the grains per ear and yield were mainly affected by nitrogen level and row spacing, and less affected by phosphate and potassium levels. Row spacing, plant spacing and nitrogen level had great effects on ears per ha, which was promoted with increasing N and decreasing row spacing and plant spacing. The effect of phosphate level on 1000-grain weight was evident, which had a trend from rising to declining with phosphate increasing. The interactions between nitrogen and potassium levels and plant spacing, and between potassium level and plant spacing showed significant effects on grains per ear and yield, while the interaction between nitrogen level and plant spacing showed great effect on 1000-grains weight. The interaction effects of other factors on the yield and yield components were not so obvious. Multivariate quadratic regression analysis indicated that the regression relationship between the levels of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, row spacing, plant spacing and the yield of Zhangzagu 5, can be used for production forecasts. Here is the recommended cultivation conditions for Zhangzagu 5: 186 kg ha^–1 for nitrogen level, 95 kg ha^–1 for P₂O₅, 60 kg ha^–1 for K₂O, 23 cm for row spacing, 13 cm for plant spacing, and the expected yield is 6 683 kg ha^–1. In conclusion, nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, row spacing, plant spacing and their interactions have certain effects on the ears per ha, grains per ear, 1000-grains weight and yield of Zhangzagu 5. Proper planting density and fertilization can successfully resolve the contradictions of ears per ha with grains per ear and 1000-grain weight, and increase yield.