四种菊科蒿属植物精油杀螨活性及茵陈蒿挥发油成分分析

【目的】 筛选生物杀螨剂并分析和测定防治效果和毒力,为新型生物杀螨剂生物防治及应用提供理论依据。【方法】 分析4种菊科蒿属植物精油的杀螨活性,通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取植物的精油,用叶片浸渍法测定不同植物精油对土耳其斯坦叶螨的毒力。【结果】 茵陈蒿、一枝蒿、蒌蒿精油对土耳其斯坦叶螨的触杀活性较好,LC₅₀分别为17.49、18.17、22.26 mg/mL,其中茵陈蒿的活性最好,LC₅₀是阳性对照除虫菊提取物(LC₅₀=4.12 mg/mL)的4.24倍,稍弱于除虫菊提取物;黄花蒿精油的触杀活性最弱,半 深度LC₅₀为54.00 mg/mL。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对活性植物茵陈蒿的精油进行成分分析,从茵陈蒿精油中分离鉴定出33个化合物,主要成分为其主要成分为大根香叶烯 D(16.16%)、氧化石竹烯(10.42%)、石竹烯(8.70%)、a-毕橙茄醇(7.03%)、依兰油醇(4.83%)。【结论】 茵陈蒿对土耳其斯坦叶螨具有较好的触杀活性,有发展为天然杀螨剂的潜力。

Toxicities of Essential Oils derived from 4 Artemisia species against Tetranychus turkestani and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from Artemisia capillaries

【Objective】 This project aims to screen the control effect and the acaricidal activity of bio-miticides in the hope of providing the theoretical basis for the biological control and application of a new biological acaricide.【Method】 In order to explore the mite killing activity of the essential oil of four species of Artemisia species in the compositae family, the essential oil of plants was extracted by steam distillation, and the toxicity of the essential oil of different plants to T. turkestani leaf mite was determined by using the method of leaves-immersion bioassays. 【Result】 The result of the study showed that four essential oils were found to possess contact toxicity against T. turkestani, and the three essential oils (Artemisia capillaries, A. rupestris and A. selengensis) exhibited strong contact toxicity against adult T. turkestani with LC₅₀ (median lethal concentration) value of 17.49, 18.17 and 22.26 mg/mL, and the LC₅₀ was 4.25, 4.41 and 5.40 times of the positive control pyrethrum extract (LC₅₀=4.12 mg/mL) respectively, which was slightly weaker than the pyrethrum extract. The activity of A. annua essential oils were weak, LC₅₀ was 54.00 mg/mL, 13.10 times of the positive control pyrethrum extract. The commercial essential oil of A. capillaries was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 33 compounds were identited, accounting for 100.00% of the total oil, and the main components of the essential oil of A. capillaries were Germacrene D (16.16%), Caryophyllene oxider (10.42%) and A-Biorangesolanesol (7.03%)followed by tau.-Muurolol (4.83%) .【Conclusion】 The study indicates that the essential oil of A. capillaries has potentials to be developed into natural acaricide for the control of spider mites so it is of guiding significance to study the rational use of bio-acaricide for cotton field. In conclusion, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of plant-derived acaricide.