不同树种下林下参土壤重金属含量差异分析

为解不同树种下林下参土壤中重金属含量的差异，以林下参护育中的胡桃楸、榆树、松树和杨树为研究对象，分析林下土壤中Al，Cd，Cr，Cu，Fe，Mn，Pb，V，Zn九种重金属含量。结果表明:不同树种下林下参土壤中重金属含量差别较大；重金属全量的变异系数以Cu最大，为0.33，而有效态含量的变异系数以Fe最大，达到了0.57；土壤中Cd的总量为0.390 mg/kg，大于国家土壤环境质量二级标准，值得引起注意；土壤中有效态Cd，Cu，Fe，Pb，V，Zn含量均以胡桃楸下为最高，有效态Al，Cr含量以松树下最高，杨树下有效态Cd，Cu，Fe的含量为各树种间最低；林下参重金属富集系数以Zn，Cu，Cr为最高，分别为0.445，0.473和0.279；林下参红皮病的发病指数以胡桃楸下最高而以杨树下最低，并与土壤中有效态铁含量呈显著正相关，与有效态锰含量呈显著负相关（p < 0.01），相关系数分别为0.796和0.76。

The Difference of Heavy Metals in the Ginseng Growing in Forests Soil with Different Trees

To find out the difference of heavy metals in soils grown different trees, the contents of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, V, Zn in the ginseng growing in soils of forests with elm, pine, poplar, and juglans, respectively, were detected and analyzed. The results are as follows. There were great differences in soil heavy metals under different trees; the CV of Cu was the greatest among between different trees with regard to total metals, which is 0.33, the CV of Fe was the greatest in terms of the available metals between different trees, which is 0.57; the content of total Cd exceeded the second level criterion of Standard of Soil Environment (GB15 618—1995), which was 0.390 mg/kg; the available contents of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, V, Zn were both higher in juglans soils than any soils growing the other trees, the available contents of Al, Cr were both higher in pine soils than any other trees, the available contents of Cd, Cu, Fe were both lower in poplar soils than any other trees. The enrichment factors of Zn, Cu, Cr in ginseng under forest are great, which were 0.445, 0.47 and 0.279, respectively, and the enrichment factor of V in ginseng under forest was lowest between different heavy metals; the SHBI of ginseng under forest were the greatest under juglans and the lowest under poplars. There was a significant positive correlation between the SHBI of ginseng under forest and the available Fe, the correlation coefficient was 0.796, and there was a significant negative correlation between the SHBI of ginseng under forest and the available Mn, the correlation coefficient was 0.76.