小麦矮秆基因Rht-8对株高和其它农艺性状的遗传效应

分析矮秆基因Rht-8的遗传力及其对小麦株高及相关农艺性状的影响。利用三个小麦品种晋麦47、西峰20、丰产3号分别与Rht-8的供体亲本济宁13杂交，以其F₂分离群体分析Rht-8的遗传效应。结果表明，丰产3号和济宁13后代的遗传力最高（74.32％），西峰20、晋麦47与济宁13后代的遗传力分别为69.49%、67.60%。Rht-8在西峰20和济宁13的F₂中具有较强的效应，株高和穗下节分别降低了30.26％和19.20％。在丰产3号和晋麦47与济宁13的F₂中，株高和穗下节分别降低了27.14%和26.15%、14.86 %和14.59%。Rht-8减少了有效分蘖个数，对其他性状则无明显的不利影响。相关性分析表明株高与分蘖数显著正相关（r为0.415，0.355，0.489），与穗下节显著正相关（r为0.408，0.450，0.500）；株高与穗长、每穗小穗数、穗粒数没有显著相关性。

The effects of dwarfing gene Rht-8 on plant height and other agronomic traits in common wheat

A study was carried out to estimate the inheritance, genetic effects of dwarfing gene Rht-8 on plant height and other agronomic traits in common wheat. Three tall elite cultivars of Jinmai 47, Xifeng 20 and Fengchan 3 were crossed with the Rht-8 donor cultivar Jining 13 to produce F₁. The F₁ was self crossed to obtain F₂ seeds. Then the F₂ segregation populations were used to estimate the inheritance and genetic effects. For the plant height, the progeny of Fengchan 3 with Jining 13 attained the highest broad inheritability (74.32%) followed by the progeny of Xifeng 20 and Jinmai 47 with Jining 13 (69.49% and 67.60%, respectively). The effect of dwarfing gene Rht-8 was more prominent in the progeny of Xifeng 20 with Jining 13, with plant height and peduncle length reduced by 30.26% and 19.20%, respectively. By contrast, in the progenies of Fengchan 3 and Jinmai 47 with Jining 13, plant height and peduncle length were reduced by 27.14% and 26.15%, 14.86% and 14.59%, respectively. There were no ignificantly negative effects of dwarfing gene Rht-8 on the other agronomic traits except that it reduced the number of tillers per plant. Correlation analysis indicated that plant height was positively and significantly correlated with number of tillers (0.415, 0.355, and 0.489) and peduncle length (0.408, 0.450, and 0.500), but no significant correlations were observed among plant height and spike length, No. of spikelets per spike, and No. of grains per spike.