基于模糊算法的温室番茄调亏滴灌制度综合评判

该文研究利用改进的模糊综合评判模型在温室滴灌番茄生长、产量、品质和耗水进行综合评判的可行性。于2015和2016年在中国农业科学院新乡综合试验基地的日光温室内,以滴灌番茄为研究对象,参考20 cm标准蒸发皿的累积蒸发量,分别在开花坐果期和成熟采摘期进行充分灌溉、轻度亏缺和中度亏缺,采用改进的模糊综合评判模型,对调亏灌溉制度温室番茄的生长指标、产量指标、耗水指标和品质指标进行综合评价。结果表明:不考虑阶段水分亏缺条件下,番茄的生长指标、产量指标和蒸发蒸腾量指标均随灌水量的增大而增大,品质指标则相反。轻度亏缺对番茄品质指标的影响较小(两者的品质综合评判指数为0.135和0.138,0.125和0.124),采摘期轻度亏缺的生长指标和产量指标的综合评判指数高于花果期轻度亏缺处理,且全生育期蒸发蒸腾量较低;花果期中度亏缺的产量指标和品质指标的综合评判指数与采摘期中度亏缺相近,但前者的总蒸发蒸腾量低于后者。因此,推荐水资源充足地区可采用在成熟采摘期轻度亏缺的灌溉模式,而水资源短缺地区采用在开花坐果期中度亏缺的灌溉模式。研究可为温室调亏滴灌制度的优化提供参考。

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on regulated deficit irrigation scheduling of tomato drip irrigated in solar greenhouse

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of improved fuzzy comprehensive method in the evaluation of regulated deficit drip irrigation scheduling in solar greenhouse. An experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse from March to July, 2015 and 2016 at Xinxiang Comprehensive Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (35°09? N, 113°05? E and altitude 78.7 m). The experimental soil was loam at 0-80 cm and sandy loam at 80-100 cm. The solar greenhouse frame had a steel frame, covering an area of 510 m2 (60 m by 8.5 m). The roof of solar greenhouse was covered with 2.5-cm thick cotton wadding and the heat-insulating materials were embedded in the wall to maintain the interior temperature. Irrigation scheduling was determined based on the accumulated evaporation in a standard pan in the diameter of 20 cm. The experiment was designed with full irrigation (0.9 times of the accumulated pan evaporation), mild water deficit (0.7 times of the accumulated pan evaporation) and moderate water deficit (0.5 times of the accumulated pan evaporation) in the flowering and fruit setting stage and the mature picking stage. There were 18 plots, and the plot area was 8.8 m2 (8.0 m by 1.1 m). The crop growth index, yield index, water consumption index and quality index of drip-irrigated tomato were evaluated by using the improved fuzzy comprehensive method. The weight was obtained by 10 expert''s scores. The results showed that the crop growth index, yield index and water consumption index of tomato increased with the irrigation amount without considering the water deficit at different stages, but the quality index was decreased. Effect of the mild water deficit on quality index was weak, and the comprehensive evaluation index of growth index and yield index in the mature picking stage was higher than that in the flowering and fruit setting stage, while the crop evapotranspiration and irrigation amount over the whole growth stage of the former was lower. For the mild deficit irrigation for both growing stages, the quality comprehensive evaluation index was similar (0.135 and 0.138, and 0.125 and 0.124). For the moderate water deficit, the comprehensive evaluation index of growth index, yield index and quality index in the flowering and fruit setting stage was similar to that in the mature picking stage, but the crop evapotranspiration over the whole growth stage of the latter was lower. Therefore, for the drip-irrigated tomato in solar greenhouse, the mild water deficit in the mature picking stage should be recommended to the region with abundant water resource, while for the region with limited water resource, the moderate water deficit in the flowering and fruit setting stage should be applied. The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was recommended as a basis for evaluating regulated deficit irrigation system of drip-irrigated tomato in solar greenhouse.