基于生态学意义可视指标的乡村景观情景可视化评价

获得情景的关键就是辨识和归纳未来变化的方式、途径和关键要素,进而有的放矢地进行情景模拟。目前,一些研究开始通过增减某些关键景观要素来进行乡村景观情景可视化模拟,但还较少将基于生态学意义的可视景观指标运用到模拟的条件之中。本研究将基于生态学意义的可视景观指标应用到乡村景观情景可视化评价的情景设计之中。通过复杂性、自然性、开阔性、一致性和记忆表象5个可视景观指标的专家预期和基于GIS环境的客观分析,确定出不同情景的设计标准,并根据此标准生成原始现状景观、生态保护景观、集约生产景观和旅游休闲景观4个设计情景。通过当地居民、周边利益相关者以及在校学生对4个情景中的乡村景观进行评价,探讨了不同利益相关者对景观情景偏好的选择差异及影响因素。结果表明:参与者对集约生产景观情景普遍不感兴趣;越靠近当地的利益相关者对旅游休闲景观情景的偏好越强、对生态保护景观情景的偏好越弱;人们通过情景得到的感性认识和他们经过理性思考后的选择往往有差异,对景观主观判断上的差异很大程度来自于他们的个人生活背景。基于生态学意义的可视景观指标而构建的情景可视化对反映乡村景观变化、增强相关者决策与设计参与具有重要作用。

Assessment of rural landscape scenario visualization using visual indicators of ecological significance

It is important to determine the scenario for the identification and summarization of variation patterns, approaches and key elements of future landscape. Landscapes can be simulated by increasing and decreasing some key elements in the classical trial and error method. However, few studies used ecological visual indicators in the simulation of rural landscape development scenarios. Thus in this study, 5 visual landscape indicators of ecological significance (complexity, nature, open-ness, coherence and imaging) were used to assess rural visual landscape scenarios at village level. These indicators were ana-lyzed in scenario visualization by both expert judgment and objective analysis in GIS. Using both subjective and objective criteria, 4 landscape scenarios were designed — real traditional, ecological protection, agriculture production and leisure tour-ism. The 4 scenarios were assessed by 46 local peoples, 46 nearby stakeholders and 37 undergraduates/graduates majored in landscape. In the case study, some relations came out certain. Most of the participants had less interest in agriculture produc-tion landscape. The participants living close to local locations had more interest in leisure tourism landscape and less interest in ecological protection landscape. The choices were sometimes different between aesthetic judgment toward scenarios only and rational thinking. The background of individuals was a key factor for the differences in subjective judgment towards landscape. The study, based on ecological significance, explored the factors of rural landscape preferences of different stake-holders using visual indication to build a reference for future conditions of rural landscape visualization. In this study, the scenario visualization based on visual indicators with ecological significance was used to effectively determine the changes in rural landscapes. 1) The evaluation process was both objective and subjective because of the visual standard was developed by the difference between landscape supply from objective field mapping and landscape demand from subjective requirements of different stakeholders. However, this was not an absolute value compared with the reference value. 2) 5 visual indicators of ecological significance were used in the evaluation of both landscape supply and demand. 3) The relationship between subjec-tive and objective in terms of visual indicators of ecological significance was a scientifically reasonable basis for visualization of rural landscape scenarios. It was more directly related to management of rural landscape resources in government deci-sion-making departments.