农业外来生物入侵种研究现状与发展趋势

目前国际上对外来生物入侵种的研究主要在个体水平上研究外来种对新环境的进化与适应,本地种对生物入侵后发生的进化调整;种群和群落水平上研究外来种的定居、潜伏、竞争和暴发;生态系统水平上研究生境的可入侵性和外来种对生态系统结构和功能的影响等几个方面。风险分析标准化与定量化、检疫鉴定快速化、除害技术安全化、信息管理全球化是全世界对外来物种入侵管理与科研的焦点问题。本文依据外来物种入侵的形成和扩散暴发过程,提出了超前预防和综合管理等未来需要解决的关键问题。

Research progress and prospects of invasive alien species

At present, international scientific research activities were mainly focused on three levels, i. e. individual, population and community and ecosystem level.At individual level, researchers were mostly concentrated on evolution and adaptation of alien species when they invaded new environments,as well as responses of native species facing biological invasions. At population and community level, scientists mainly focused on establishment, latency, competition and outbreak of alien species. At ecosystem level, most experts primarily focused on persistence of habitat and alien species'influence upon structure and function of ecosystem. The standard and quantificational pest risk analysis (PRA) methods, expeditiousness of quarantine identification, security of eradication method and globalization of management information system were the trends of management ideas in preventing alien invasive species. Based on the process of introduction, establishment, expansion, and outbreak of invasive alien species, some pivotal scientific issues, such as fore-prevention and integrated management, were advanced and discussed.