西藏高原湿地生态系统结构及功能分析

西藏高原地理位置特殊,发育了类型多样的高原湿地,这些高原湿地生态系统在全球生态系统中发挥着重要作用.本研究通过实地考察结合文献分析,系统研究了西藏高原湿地生态系统的构成、分布及特点.详细介绍了西藏高原湿地的组成类型,分布区域以及其生物多样性、稀有性和脆弱性等特点.运用市场价值法、影子工程法、碳税收法等,计算出西藏高原湿地生态系统总的生态功能价值为6 207.83亿元.功能价值量大小依次为:降解污染＞大气组分调节＞调蓄洪水＞气体调节＞科研文化和生物栖息＞水源涵养.其中降解污染物的功能最大,为2 080.15亿元,最小的是水源涵养功能25.12亿元.最后,对该湿地生态系统服务功能的价值进行了分析.

Analysis on alpine wetland's eco-system structure and function in Tibet Plateau

Due to the special location of Tibet plateau,there were various wetlands and the eco-system of which had great importance to the whole world.There are rich plateau wetlands ecosystems in Tibet which is endemic to China.Through spotting observation and literature analysis,the research systematically studied the structure,distribution and characteristic of Tibet wetland eco-system.The wetlands in Tibet plateau have such characteristics as various wetlands types, wide distribution but uneven and abundant biodiversity and frangibility,and so on.By adopting reflection engineering method,the market value method and carbon tax revenue method,the estimated total value of the wetland ecosystem service funcation was 6 207.83×108 yuan/year.According to value quantity,the service order was decreasing pollutants>regulating atmosphere component>controling and storing flood>material production>regulating climate>scientific and cultural research and biology habitats>water storage.Among which,maximum was decreasing pollutants 2 080.15×108 yuan/year,and minimum was water storage 25.12×108 yuan/year.