麦秸与稻秸浸提液对油菜及2种靶标杂草种苗生长影响的差异性研究

采用室内培养皿生物测定的方法,测试不同质量浓度(0、0.02、0.03、0.05、0.08、0.10g·mL-1)麦秸、稻秸浸提液对油菜及油菜田2种常见靶标杂草野燕麦(Avena fatua Linn)、播娘蒿Descurainia sophia(L.)Schur]种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在供试质量浓度下,麦秸与稻秸浸提液对3种受体材料种苗生长的影响存在显著差异,二者对油菜种苗生长安全的最高质量浓度分别为0.08g·mL-1和0.05g·mL-1,可以用来开发研制油菜田肥料;在对油菜安全的质量浓度下,麦秸浸提液对野燕麦种苗生长无抑制作用;而稻秸浸提液对野燕麦种苗生长的抑制作用明显,可以用来开发研制油菜田防除野燕麦的生物抑草肥;在油菜的安全的质量浓度下,麦秸、稻秸浸提液对播娘蒿种苗生长均有很强的抑制作用,且麦秸的抑制作用强于稻秸,具有开发研制油菜田治理播娘蒿的生物抑草肥料的应用前景。

Research on Different Effects of Extracts of Wheat and Rice Straw on the Growth of Rape and Two Weeds in Rape Field

The seeds germination and seedlings growth of Brassica napus L., Avena fatua and Descurainia sophia were tested under different concentration of extracts of wheat and rice straw through plate culture and biology measure indoor. Avena fatua and Descurainia sophia are common weeds in rape field. The results indicate that in tested mass concentrations the extracts of wheat and rice straw have significant effects on the seedlings growth. The safe maximum concentrations of extracts for rape seedling growth are 0.08 g·mL^-1 for wheat and 0.05 g·mL^-1 for rice. They can be used to develop straw fertilizer for rape. Under the safe concentration wheat straw extract did not restrain the growth of Avena fatua, but the rice straw extract restrained the weed growth. It means that the rice straw can be used to control Avena fatua as a fertilizer. Under the safe concentrations, extracts of wheat and rice straw can restrain the seedling growth of Descurainia sophia, moreover the wheat straw is better than rice. For this reason they both can be used as fertilizer to control Descurainia sophia in rape field.