硅肥对甘蔗光合特性和产量的影响

在温室条件下,以每桶施用26g N＋1.76g P＋20g K为对照,进行6个不同硅肥施用水平处理（20,40,60,80,120和150 g/桶）桶栽试验,探讨硅肥对新台22号甘蔗产量构成因素、光合特性、N、P、K和Si的影响。结果表明,大部分硅肥（硅酸钙）处理较对照显著提高甘蔗叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度;不同硅肥处理之间的甘蔗叶片P含量差异不大,部分处理的P含量略有增加;施用硅肥可显著降低叶片N、K含量,但随着硅肥施用量的增加,叶片Si含量逐渐提高。硅肥处理较对照显著提高每桶甘蔗干物质含量（26%～70%）和甘蔗产量（30%～60%）。此外,在收获期,硅肥处理的甘蔗植株硅含量可达2.64%。

Effect of silicon fertilization on yield and photosynthetic attributes in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. Hybrid)

An experiment has been conducted in a green house to study the effect of calcium silicate fertilizer on yield contributing parameters, photosynthetic characteristics and N, P, K and Si content in sugarcane variety ROC 22. The treatments included a control with traditional fertilizer (26g N + 1.76g P +20g K per pot) only and six levels of silicon (20, 40, 60, 80, 120 and 150 g/pot) plus same amount of traditional fertilizer. The added Ca-silicate increased photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance significantly over non amended control. The influence of Si amendment on N concentration showed a significant decreasing tendency. Leaf tissue concentration for phosphorus did not differed remarkably, either a little effect or a slight increase in concentration at varying levels of Si application has been observed, but leaf tissue Si content increased progressively with increasing Si concentration in the soils. Si amended treatments significantly increased yield in dry matter (26%-70%) and in cane yield (30%-66%) per pot over non amended control. Analysis of TVD leaves showed up to 2.64% Si content at the harvest stage in Si treated plants.