6种除草剂对黄河源区栽培草地中毒杂草的防治

以黄河源区果洛州玛沁县建植14年的垂穗披碱草 (Elymus nutans) 栽培草地为研究对象，针对以甘肃马先蒿 (Pedicularis kansuensis) 和黄帚橐吾 (Ligularia virgaurea) 为主的阔叶型毒杂草，选择6种除草剂及5种复配剂进行防除试验，6种除草剂为单一除草剂，即2, 4-滴丁酯(A)、使它隆(B)、龙拳(C)、阔诺(D)、刹阔(E)、苯磺隆(F) ；5种复配剂为2, 4-滴丁酯与其他除草剂的复配剂，即(A + B)、(A + C)、(A + D)、(A + E)、(A + F)。结果表明，喷施B、F、A + E除草剂不同程度地降低黄帚橐吾的高度、盖度及生物量，且F和A + E对生物量影响显著 (P < 0.05) ；A、E、F、A + B、A + C和A + F 6种除草剂显著降低了甘肃马先蒿的高度、盖度及生物量(P < 0.05)；复配除草剂A + F能有效防除群落毒杂草，防除等级达到最高3级，A + E处理下牧草的盖度和生物量显著高于对照 (P < 0.05)；喷施除草剂群落物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数呈下降趋势，但均匀度指数比对照略高。通过鲜重防效评价了11种处理的防除效果，结果表明，防除黄河源区栽培草地的毒杂草可选择A + E、F、A + F 3种除草剂。

Effects of six herbicides on toxic weeds in cultivated grasslands in the source region of the Yellow River

A 14-year-old cultivated grassland of Elymus nutans in Maqin County, Guoluo Prefecture, the source region of the Yellow River, was investigated. Pedicularis kansuensis and Ligularia virgaurea were the research objects. To control the main broad-leaved toxic weeds, six herbicides, individually and in five combinations, were tested. The six herbicides were 2, 4-D butyl ester (A), trituron (B), Longquan (C), Kono (D), Chakuo (E), and Tribenuron (F); and the five combination were 2, 4-D butyl ester and each other herbicide, namely, A + B, A + C, A + D, A + E, and A + F. Spraying B, F, and A + E reduced the height, cover, and biomass of L.virgaurea to varying degrees, and F and A + E had significant effects on biomass (P < 0.05). Spraying E, F, A + B, A + C, and A + F significantly reduced the height, cover, and biomass of P. gansuensis (P < 0.05), with A + F effectively controlling the toxic weed community. The highest control level was level 3. The cover and biomass of forages under A + E treatment were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05). The species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of the herbicide-sprayed communities generally showed a downward trend. However, the uniformity index was slightly higher than in the control. The effects of the 11 treatments were evaluated using the fresh weight control effect, and the results showed that A + E, F, and A + F can control toxic weeds in cultivated grasslands in the source area of the Yellow River.