管理模式对4类茶园节肢动物群落时空格局和多样性影响

选择树龄相同、品种为安吉白茶而栽培管理模式不同的有机茶园、三行密植茶园和丰产茶园,以及种植安吉白茶和龙井43等40多个品种的茶树品种园,通过在1周年内每2月1次的调查,发现：①从品种园、有机茶园、三行密植茶园至丰产茶园,天敌种数和个体数递减;三行密植茶园总个体数最大。②在垂直分层上：天敌种数和个体数在丰产茶园、三行密植茶园和品种园中皆以中层最多,在有机茶园中则以上层最多;害虫种数在丰产茶园、三行密植茶园和品种园中以中层最多,在有机茶园中以上层最多;害虫个体数在丰产茶园和三行密植茶园以下层最多,在品种园和有机茶园以中层最多;③在水平分布上,除了品种园,其他3类茶园东、西向天敌种数之和、个体数之和分别大于南、北向天敌种数之和、个体数之和;④在茶丛内、外层,4类茶园皆以内层害虫种数和个体数略多;外层天敌种数和个体数略多;⑤12月至翌年2月的越冬期间,物种数相对较少;4月、6月和10月物种数相对较多;⑥从有机茶园、品种园、丰产茶园至三行密植茶园,多样性指数递减。分析认为：尽管树龄、品种等相同,但是一个时期以来的不同管理模式可导致4类茶园节肢动物群落时空格局和多样性的显著差异,在一定程度上调控着昆虫群落结构和多样性。

Effect of Various Field Management Models on Temporal and Spatial Patterns and Diversity of Arthropod Community in Four Types of Tea Plantations

The arthropod communities were investigated by sampling at an interval of two months for one year in four types of tea plantations: organic tea plantation (OTP), tri-row dense tea tree plantation (TRDTTP), and high yield tea plantation (HYTP) Every types of tea garden planted the Anjibaicha tea cultivar with the same tea plant age, as well as the tea cultivar garden (TCG) growing with Anjibaicha, Longjin 43 and other over forty cultivars. The results showed that: ① Species richness and abundance of natural enemies decreased progressively from TCG, OTP, TRDTTP to HYTP, whilst the total abundance in TRDTTP was the highest among the four types of tea plantations.② For the vertical stratification of arthropod communities, higher species richness and abundance of the natural enemies in HYTP, TRDTTP and TCG existed at the middle layer of tea plant than in the other layers, whereas the highest species richness and abundance occurred at the upper layer in OTP, the highest species richness of various pests occurred at the middle layer of tea plant in HYTP, TRDTTP and TCG, and at the upper layer in OTP; the highest abundance (overall individual numbers) of pests existed at the lower layer in HYTP and TRDTTP, and at the middle layer in TCG and OTP. ③ Horizontally, the sum of species richness and the sum of abundance of the natural enemies toward the eastward and the westward were more than those toward the southward and the northward in the all plantations except TCG. ④ The species richness and the abundance of pests existed in the inner layers of tea canopies were slightly higher than those in the outer layers for all four tea plantations, whilst the species richness and the abundance of the natural enemies occurred in outer layers were slightly more than those in the inner layers. ⑤ A relatively low species richness was recorded from December to February (overwinter period), while higher species richnesses were detected in April, June and October. ⑥ The diversity indices of arthropod communities decreased progressively from OTP, TCG, HYTP to TRDTTP. It is suggested that the different field management models (different types of tea plantations) might lead to the significant differences in the temporal and spatial patterns (structures) and the diversity of the arthropod communities in tea plantations.