谷秆两用稻优质稻草栽培食用菌研究

对水稻秸秆品质进行遗传改良 ,选育出稻谷产量与推广品种相当、稻草品质优异的谷秆两用稻品种2 0 1。15N示踪表明 ,2 0 1能够把15N尿素有效地转化为稻草蛋白 (稻草15N回收率比CK高 10 4 .3% ) ;该稻草蛋白能有效地转化为菇体蛋白 (菇体15N回收率比CK高 2 1.7% )。 2 0 1优质稻草栽培草生食用菌 ,可提高菇产量和粗蛋白含量 :每公顷土地生产的 75 0 0kg稻草可增草菇 797.2kg、菇蛋白 6 7.9kg ;或增姬松茸6 75 .0kg、菇蛋白 80 .0kg。该优质稻草粉可替代等量麦麸栽培木生食用菌 (菇产量和粗蛋白含量与麦麸组没有显著性差异 )。栽培毛木耳、黑木耳、真姬菇、香菇、猴头菇时 ,稻草粉可替代占培养料总量 2 0 %的麦麸 ,栽培茶薪菇和金针菇时分别为 8%和 7.5 %。

Studies on Growing Edible Fungi with Quality Rice Straw of Double-purpose Rice

Every year there are 500 million tons of rice straw produced all over the world, which is almost equal to that of rice grain. Most straw was abandoned due to the poor quality and the high cost or complicated operation of pre treatment. The quality of rice straw was genetically improved and the rice variety '201' with both high content of nutrient in straw and high grain yield was developed. The results of 15 N trace experiment showed that 15 N urea could be effectively transformed into straw protein in variety of '201' and the recovery rate of 15 N in the straw of the variety of '201' was 104.3% higher than that of the CK. The straw protein of the variety of '201' could be effectively transformed into mushroom protein and the recovery rate of 15 N was 21.7 % higher than CK. Using the straw of the variety of '201' as material to cultivate straws rot edible fungi, the yield and protein content of mushroom could be improved. Using 7 500kg straw produced by one hectare of the variety of '201' the yield and crude protein of mushroom of Volvariella volvacea was 797.2 kg and 67.9 kg higher than that of the CK, and the yield and crude protein of mushroom of Agaricus blazei Murrill was 675.0 kg and 80.0 kg higher than that of the CK. The straw powder of the variety of '201' could be used to substitute the same weight of wheat bran to cultivate lignicolous edible fungi, with no significant difference in terms of the yield and the crude protein content of mushroom comparing to the wheat bran. 7 500kg straw produced by one hectare of the variety of '201' could be substituted 7 500kg wheat bran. It could be substituted 20% of total amount of material to grow Auricularia polytricha, Auricularia auricula, Hypsizygus tessulatus, Lentinus edodes and Hericium erinaceus, 8% of that to grow Agrocybe cylindracea and 7.5% of that to grow Flammulina velutipes respectively.