京郊露地菜田施肥状况与土壤有效养分年际变化调研

以北京市1996~2014年郊区露地菜田1184份调研报告和161个土壤样本数据为基础,分析了京郊露地菜田施肥种类、施肥量、养分平衡、土壤有效养分的年际变化。结果表明:与20世纪90年代相比,现阶段露地菜田施用的有机肥由以厩肥、鸭粪和牛粪为主转为以鸡粪为主,化肥投入品种单一,偏施大量元素肥,缺少中微量元素补充;与20世纪90年代相比,尽管现阶段年施肥量明显减少,年养分盈余程度明显减轻,但养分投入量仍与作物吸收规律不符,N、P、K三大元素投入比例不合理,氮磷养分盈余的现象仍存在。经评价现阶段露地菜田土壤碱解氮缺乏,速效磷含量过高,有效钾适宜。

Fertilization Status of Open Vegetable Fields in Outskirts of Beijing and Studies on Interannual Changes of Soil Available Nutrients

Taking 1 184 research reports and 161 soil samples from 1996 to 2014 of open vegetable fields in Beijing as basis， this paper analyzed the interannual changes in fertilizer type， application quantity， nutrient balance， and soil available nutrients. The results showed that compared with the 1990s，the main application of organic fertilizer including manure，duck manure，cow dug turned to chicken manure at the present stage in open vegetable fields. While chemical fertilizer tended to be a single type. Farmers preferred to apply macronutrient fertilizers， lacking secondary，micro-elements addition. Compared with the 1990s， although the annual fertilization application and annual nutrient surplus were obviously went down and alleviated at present stage， the N， P nutrients input were still exceeded crop absorbing capacity， and not in conformity with crop absorption law. The unreasonable N，P，K input ratio， N，P surplus and K deficit still existed. Evaluation on soil of present open vegetable fields indicated that these fields lacked alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， and the content of available phosphorus was excessive， only the available potassium level was appropriate.