小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林土壤酶活性的异质性

利用传统统计学与地统计学相结合的方法对小兴安岭谷地不同死亡程度云冷杉林表层土壤（0~20cm）酶活性空间异质性和格局进行研究。结果表明：①土壤脲酶变异函数曲线的理论模型符合线性模型,土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的理论模型符合指数模型或球状模型。②土壤酶活性各项指标的空间变异主要是由结构性因素引起,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性指标的空间自相关程度均属较强以上（空间结构比均在75%以上）,土壤转化酶为中等（空间结构比均在25%以上）,土壤脲酶在较弱到中等之间变化。③云冷杉林表层土壤过氧化氢酶的自相关范围最大（0.58~3.08 m）,转化酶和碱性磷酸酶分别为1.41~3.98 m和0.91~4.29 m,而土壤脲酶自相关范围最小（15.426~16.673 m）。④土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的空间格局明显,土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和土壤脲酶的分数维分别为1.930~1.990,1.910~1.986,1.923~1.997和1.936~1.970。

Heterogeneity of Soil Enzyme Activity in Abies and Picea asperata Forest in Low-lying Land of Xiaoxing'anling Mountain

In the low-lying land of Xiaoxing＇anling Mountain, the spatial heterogeneity and pattern of surface soil＇s enzyme activity in the Abies and Picea asperata forest with different death degrees were studied using traditional statistics and geostatisties method. The results showed that： （1） the theoretical model of soil urease＇s variation function curve was linear, while the theoretical models of soil-converting enzyme, alkaline phosphatase and catalase were exponential or spherical. （2）the spatial variation of each index monitoring the soil enzyme activity was mainly caused by structural factors; there was a strong degree of spatial autocorrelation between the index of soil alkaline phosphatase＇s activity and catalase＇s activity （spatial structure ratios were all above 75% ） , whereas the spatial autocorrelation degree of soil-converting enzyme was moderate （its spatial structure ratio was more than 25% ） and that of soil urease varied from weak to moderate. （3）in the Abies and Picea asperata forest, the catalase in surface soil had the largest autocorrelation range （0. 58 -3.08 m） , while that of converting enzyme and alkaline phosphatase were 1.41 -3.98 m and 0. 91 N 4. 29 m respectively, and the autocor- relation range of soil urease was minimum （ 15.426 - 16. 673 m）. （4）the activity of soil-converting enzyme, alkaline phos- phatase and catalase had clear spatial patterns, and the fraetal dimensions of soil-converting enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and soil urease were 1. 930 - 1. 990, 1. 910 - 1. 986, 1. 923 N 1. 997 and 1. 936 ~ 1. 970 respectively.