西藏小麦条锈菌群体结构与遗传多样性

为查明西藏小麦条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici群体结构和遗传多样性，采用中国鉴别寄主和近等基因系鉴别寄主，以及竞争性等位基因特异性PCR-单核苷酸多态性（kompetitive al-lele specific PCR-single nucleotide polymorphism，KASP-SNP）分子标记对2017年采自西藏的150个小麦条锈菌菌系分别进行表型分析和基因型分析。表型分析结果显示，中国鉴别寄主将150个菌系区分为 12 个已知小种、6 个已知致病类型和 13 个未知致病类型，所有菌系均不能侵染中四和Triticum spelta album鉴别寄主。近等基因系鉴别寄主将150个菌系区分为88个毒性类型，这些毒性类型均不侵染携带抗性基因Yr5、Yr10或Yr15的品种。基因型分析结果显示，26对引物将150个菌系划分为73个基因型，表明西藏小麦条锈菌群体基因型丰富。基因流分析结果表明，波密县与洛扎县小麦条锈菌亚群体之间的基因流N_m最高，达5.86，米林县西部与波密县、洛扎县、巴宜县、米林县东部条锈菌亚群体之间的N_m较低，分别为0.25、0.34、0.42和0.67，表明西藏不同地区条锈菌群体之间基因交流强度差异较大。说明西藏作为我国小麦条锈病的独立流行区，条锈菌群体毒性结构复杂，遗传多样性高。

Population structure and genetic diversity of wheat stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici collected in Tibet

To investigate population structure and genetic diversity of wheat stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) in Tibet, both Chinese differentials, near isogenic line differentials and the Kompetitive allele specific PCR single nucleotide polymorphism (KASP-SNP) molecular markers were used to analyze the phenotypes and genotypes of the 150 Pst isolates collected from Tibet in 2017. The results of phenotypic analysis showed that the 150 isolates were identified as 12 known races, six known pathotypes and 13 unknown pathotypes on Chinese differentials, all of which could not infect Zhong 4 and Triticum spelta album. These isolates were divided into 88 virulence pattern on near isogenic lines differentials, none of which infected the cultivars carrying only one R gene Yr5, Yr10 or Yr15. The genotype analysis results showed that 26 pairs of primers divided the 150 isolates into 73 genotypes, which indicated that the Pst population was diverse in genotypes. The gene flow analysis showed that the gene flow N_m between the Pst subpopulations in Bomi County and Luozha County was the highest, reaching 5.86. The N_m between Western Milin County and Bomi County, Luozha County, Bayi County, and Eastern Milin County subpopulations were 0.25, 0.34, 0.42, and 0.67, respectively, indicating that the genetic exchange intensity varied between different regions of Tibet. As an independent epidemic area of wheat stripe rust, the Pst population in Tibet had a complex virulence structure and a high genetic diversity.