日光温室滴灌条件下黄瓜氮、磷、有机肥肥效与施肥模式研究

采用N、P、有机肥三因素五水平最优设计，在陕北黄土高原进行了日光温室黄瓜N、P和有机肥肥效与施肥模式的田间试验。得到了日光温室黄瓜N、P和有机肥的肥效反应模式，以及N、P和有机肥单因素对日光温室黄瓜产量的影响。结果表明N、P、有机肥对日光温室黄瓜产量增加的影响是有机肥 N P，施用有机肥是日光温室黄瓜增产的主要措施。当施P2O5量小于750 kg/km2、施氮量小于1150 kg/hm2时，N、P肥有增产效果，用量大于此施肥量时N、P肥效降低。根据反应模式提出在黄瓜目标产量在83000~88000 kg/hm2之间，95%置信区间的N、P、有机肥最佳施肥用量为N 807.5～1309.3、P2O5 576.6～991.6 kg/hm2；有机肥41.3～148.9 t/hm2。N∶P2O5为1∶0.714～0.757。日光温室黄瓜种植应以有机肥为主，氮磷肥配合施用。

Study on the response and fertilization model of cucumber for nitrogen,phosphorus and manure application in greenhouse under drip irrigation

The response and fertilization model of cucumber for nitrogen, phosphorus and manure application were studied under greenhouse in a field experiment in northern Shaanxi of the Loess Plateau. The optimum design of nitrogen, phosphorus and manure with 5 levels was applied in the field experiment. The result shows that the order of the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and manure on yield improvement is manure > nitrogen > phosphorus. To improve cucumber yield under the greenhouse environment, the main measure should be the application of organic manure. With the phosphorus application amount less than 750 kg/ha and nitrogen application amount less than 1150 kg/ha, there are remarkable yield increase effects, while the N and P fertilizer efficiencies are decreased when the application amounts are increased. When the target yield of cucumber is from 83000 to 88000 kg/ha, and confidence interval is 95%, the optimum fertilizer application amounts are 807.5–1309.3 kg/ha, 576.6–991.6 kg/ha, and 41.3–148.9 t/ha for N, P₂O₅, and manure, respectively. The ratio of N∶P₂O₅ is 1∶0.714–0.757. During cultivation process of cucumber, it should pay attention to the application of organic manure fertilizer and as well as the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus.