内蒙古阴山北麓旱农区马铃薯间作模式的生产力与水分利用

马铃薯是内蒙古阴山北麓的主要农作物之一,优化马铃薯种植模式,可以提高马铃薯产量,遏制土壤肥力退化,促进农业可持续发展。本研究于2009—2014年进行了6 a的大田小区定位试验,研究了马铃薯与苕子或莜麦间作对土地生产力及水分利用效果的影响。结果表明:马铃薯/苕子和马铃薯/莜麦2种间作模式具有较强且程度相当的间作产量优势,土地当量比分别为1.59~2.24和1.56~2.22。间作并不会显著增加或降低作物的耗水量,马铃薯、苕子和莜麦于不同种植年的耗水量有差异,最大降幅分别可达25.1%、23.7%和25.5%。间作可显著提高间作系统的水分利用效率,具有显著的水分利用优势(水分当量比分别为1.59~2.01和1.55~2.24),且主要体现在苕子和莜麦作物上。此外,间作体系的水分利用效果还与当年的降雨量关系密切。综合分析认为,马铃薯间作有利于整个间作系统农田生产力和水分利用效率的提高,且对苕子和莜麦的提升效果更佳。

Productivities and Water Use Efficiencies of Different Intercropping Systems of Potato in Arid Agricultural Area in North Foot of Yin Mountain

Potato is one of the main crops in the north foot of Yin Mountains in the Inner Mongolia. Optimizing the planting systems of potato can increase the yield of potato, prevent the degradation of soil fertility, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. A long-term field plot experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2014 to study the effects of intercropping potato with vetch or with naked oat on the land productivities and water use efficiencies.The results showed that: the yield-increasing effects were strong and similar between the intercropping potato with vetch or with naked oat, Land equivalent ratios(LER) were 1.59-2.24 and 1.56-2.22, respectively. Water consumption increased or reduced insignificantly between different intercropping system, but there were significant differences in water consumption between different experimental years, the maximal reduction in water consumption were 25.1%, 23.7% and 25.5%, respectively. Intercropping system had obvious advantage in water use, they significantly improved the water use efficiency, (water equivalent ratios were 1.59-2.01 and 1.55-2.24, respectively), particularly for vetch and naked oat. In addition, the water use effect of intercropping system was closely related to the rainfall. In general, potato intercropping mode is beneficial to improve field productivity and water use efficiency, particularly for vetch and naked oat.