异源植物提取物对稻蚜的作用研究

植物异源次生物质在害虫生态控制中具有广阔的应用前景。本研究测定了19种异源植物提取物对稻蚜的忌避、引诱作用和致死作用,结果表明:处理24h后,番荔枝Annona squamosa L.、椰子Cocos nucifer L.、飞机草Eupatorium odoratum L.等植物的提取物对稻蚜定居取食的干扰效果较好,忌避作用指数在0.5以下;人心果Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen、番石榴Psidium littorale Raddi、微苷菊Mikania Micrantha H.B、芒果Mangif era indica L.、黄皮Clausena lansium(Lour.)Skeels、鱼眼菊Didhrocephala bicolor(Roth)Schlcht.in L.等的忌避作用指数大于1,说明它们对稻蚜不再表现为忌避作用,而是引诱作用。绝大部分植物提取物对稻蚜的致死作用不强,处理后24h,仅西番莲Passif lora caerulea L.和假Piper betleL.的存活指数低于0.5;48h后,仅有假提取物对稻蚜的存活指数低于0.5(接近0.5)。随着时间延长,稻蚜的生存指数有所降低,异源植物提取物的致死作用减弱。

Effect of crude of different origin extracts from plants on rice aphid Macrosiphum avenae (Fabricius)

Plant extracts including secondary compounds have become more and more popular at present.In the experiment,the repellent,tempted and lethal effect and toxicity of the plant extracts on Macrosiphum avenae(Fabricius) were studied in laboratory.The results showed that the repellent effects of Annona squamosa L.,Cocos nucifer L.and Eupatorium odoratum L.on the settlement and feeding of rice aphid were high in 24 hours after treatment and the repellent index of the three plant extracts was under 0.5.The repellent index of Manilkara zapota(L.) van Royen,Psidium littorale Raddi,Mikania Micrantha H.B,Mangifera indica L.,Clausena lansium(Lour.) Skeels and Didhrocephala bicolor(Roth) Schlcht.in L.was above 1.0,which illuminated these plant extracts with tempting function on rice aphid.Moreover,the lethal effects of most of plant extracts on rice aphid were weak and only the survival index of Passiflora caerulea L.and Piper betle L.was lower than 0.5 after 24 hours,and just that of Piper betle L.was lower than 0.5 after 48 hours.With the prolongation of time,the survival index rice aphid decreased and the lethal effects of plant extracts was weakened.