哈尔滨城市森林自然演替格局研究

为了加强城市植被生物多样性的保护与合理利用，完善城市植被生态学研究的理论体系，对哈尔滨城市森林自然演替格局进行研究。采用植被社会学调查与每木调查相结合的方法，对哈尔滨11种城市森林类型进行天然更新格局研究。结果表明，林下木本植物的种类和数量组成有所差异，不同城市森林类型在维持木本植物多样性方面存在较大差异。根据胸径级频率分布的形状，将各树种的种群结构归纳为3种类型：种群结构单峰型的为中东杨(Populus berolinensis)、黑皮油松(Pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis)、兴安落叶松(Larix gmelini)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)；L型代表种为山杨(Populus davidiana)、黄檗(Phellodendron amurense)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)、榆树(Ulmus pumila)；间歇型主要代表种为胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)、白桦(Betula platyphylla)、红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)。研究结果表明，生境、种源、种子扩散方式为哈尔滨城市森林林下植被自然恢复的主要限制因素。

Natural Regeneration Pattern of Urban Forests in Harbin

In order to strengthen the urban protects of the variety of vegetation biodiversity and reasonable utilization, to perfect the system of ecology theory about the urban vegetation, the author did a lot of research about Harbin urban forest natural succession pattern. The author decided to adopt the vegetation sociology research combine with every wood investigation research, researching 11 kinds of urban forest natural regeneration pattern in Harbin. The results showed that the difference kinds and quantities of composition about the woody plants under the forest different types of urban forest in maintaining woody plant diversity were quite different. Based on frequency distribution of DBH, population structure of each tree species fell into 3 types: unimodal type, L type and sporadic type. In the case, 4 representative species belonged to unimodal type: Populus berolinensis, Pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, Larix gmelini, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolic; 4 L-types were: Populus davidiana, Phellodendron amurense, Fraxinus mandshurica, and Ulmus pumila; 3 sporadic types were: Juglans mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, and Picea koraiensis. It was suggested that the habitat, the seed resources and the seed dispersal pattern were the key limitation of urban forests.