蓝莓人工杂交及幼苗培育技术研究

为了通过有性杂交、实生选种等方法对蓝莓进行遗传改良与种质创新，以获取蓝莓栽培品种杂交果实，提高蓝莓实生育苗效率，选取Chippewa、Bluecrop、Darrow、Northland、Duke和Powderblue 6种不同蓝莓栽培品种作为亲本，进行人工杂交授粉试验，并对杂交得到的种子进行幼苗培育。结果表明：低温干燥有利于蓝莓花粉的贮藏及活力保存；不同倍性蓝莓品种间存在杂交不亲和现象；杂交果实成熟后其横纵径和单果重存在差异；杂交授粉产生的种子出苗率为4%，使用赤霉素(GA3)能显著提高出苗率，并总结出蓝莓人工杂交与幼苗培育的方法。

The Study of Artificial Hybridization Pollination Test and Hybrid Seedlings Cultivation of Blueberries

To obtain hybrid fruit of blueberry cultivars, improve the efficiency of blueberry seedling nursery, select Chippewa, Bluecrop, Darrow, Northland, Duke, and Powderblue 6 different blueberry cultivated varieties as parents, artificial hybridization pollination test was taken and the hybrid seed breeding was proceeded. The results indicated that: low temperature and dry were useful for the preservation of blueberry pollen; blueberries of different haploidisations existed the phenomenon that they were not androlepsised; after the hybrid fruit mature the size and weight had difference; the germination rate of the hybrid pollination seed was 4%, GA3 could remarkably improve the emergence rate and the author generalized the blueberry artificial hybridization and seedling cultivation.