野生大豆(G.Soja)、半野生大豆(G.Gracilis)和栽培大豆(G.max)的核型分析

本文应用数量统计的方法,分析野生大豆16份,半野生大豆5份和栽培大豆2份的核型。结果表明、野生大豆、半野生大豆和栽培大豆染色体数目为2n=40,核型为2n=24m+14sm+2st(SAT)。虽然三者的核型相似,但单倍染色体组长是有差别的,经X~2测定表明,这种差异是由于种间差异引起。因此,大豆核型的研究,对探讨大豆的进化具有重要意义。 在野生大豆中观察到一具有四随体类型,从进化观点看,具四随体类型较具二随体类型物种原始,同时为确定大豆是二倍体还是多倍体植物、提供有价值的材料。 野生大豆、半野生大豆和栽培大豆的Giemsa—C带分析表明,三种大豆的带型极其相似,基本带型为:第一组12条染色体有一条着丝点带;第二组12条染色体有一条中间带;第三组12条染色体有一条端带;第四组4条染色体有二条带。

KARYOTYPE ANALYSES OF WILD(g.soja) SEME-WILD (G.grarilis)AND CULTIVATED(G.max) SOYBEANS

A quantitaive method of karyotype analysis was applied to 16 lines wild, 5 lines seme-wild and 2 lines cultivated soybean. The results showed chat chromosomes number of wild, seme-wild and culivated soybean are ak forty. Karyotype is 2n=24m+14sm+2st. The karyotype is similar and hsploid total length differs among the three species. The test of X2showed that diffier-ence is due to the variant of the species. Therefore, the study of karyotype of soybean is impor tant for evolution study of soybean.Types of four satellite chromusomes wero observed in wild soybean. For evolution type with four satellites were primitive in comparison with type having two satellites, and this will provideon important materiol to study whether soybean is diploid or polyploid plant. Wild, seme -wild, and cultivated soybeans were analyyed by Giemes C-banaing technique, and the result showed that their bands similar. The bands type: frist, group is centroineric bands of 12 chromosomes. The second is intercalary bands of 12 chromosomes. The third is 12 chromosomes with telomere bands. The fourth is two bands of four chromosomes.