沙漠边缘新垦酿造葡萄园土壤贮水及作物耗水特性研究

分析2002、2003年甘肃武威新地滩沙漠边缘新垦葡萄园0~100 cm不同深度土壤储水量观测资料,发现由浅向深土壤含水量呈升—降—升—趋于稳定的变化态势。用土壤水分平衡方程估算沙地葡萄年生长期平均耗水423.2 mm,比本地种植小麦平均耗水量少35.2 mm,比玉米少151.8 mm。沙地葡萄不同生育阶段耗水量,萌芽—展叶期耗水最小,平均耗水31.5 mm,最大时期出现在盛花—成熟期,平均耗水260 mm,展叶—盛花期、成熟—落叶期耗水量大致相当,分别为66 mm和65.7 mm。试验证明沙漠边缘地区开垦种植葡萄是可行的,这里种植的葡萄用水少,病虫危害和污染小,品质好,是发展酿造葡萄生产基地的理想区域。

A study on soil moisture change and crop water consumption characteristics in the grape new planting district at desert edge

Through analyzing the data of soil water in the new cultivated vineyard at desert edge in Gansu Wuwei during 2002-2003, it is found that the soil water content of vineyard exhibited rise- drop- rise tendency from 0 to 100 cm soil layer. Based soil moisture balance equation, the water consume of grape sand field was 423.2 mm, reduced averagely by 35.2 mm and 151.8 mm compared with the water consume of wheat and maize sand field, respectively. The water consume of grape sand field was the lest with average 31.5 mm from germination to leaf expansion, than reached the maximum with average 260 mm from full blooming to maturing.The water consumes from leaf expansion to full blooming and from maturing to defoliation was close. The result showed that planting grape in cultivated desert edge was feasible. The water consume of grape planting there is small, population is light and quality is good. Planting grape in desert edge not only does not degrade cultivated land, but also increase present economic income. It is perfect area for planting brewing grape.