淮北变性土性状特点对其生产性能的影响及农业利用对策

本研究基于黄淮海平原多个变性土剖面分层土壤样品的土壤理化性状分析数据,对其肥力特征、生产性能以及培肥改良措施进行了系统研究。相关结果表明,机械组成中粘粒含量高、质地粘重、土壤结构和孔隙性差是变性土主要物理性状特征,受其影响,土壤表现出耕作性能差、蓄水能力弱、保水性能不强等特点;化学性状主要表现为有机质含量不高、质量差,土壤氮素水平仍较低,耕层土壤速效磷含量分异加大,土壤速效钾含量缓慢降低,土壤CEC含量较高,土壤保肥性能强,但供肥性能较差等特点。这些性状特点对土壤生产性能的影响主要表现在土壤适耕期短,易受旱、涝(渍)灾害的危害,土壤有效养分低、营养失调,钙质结核影响土壤蓄水能力和水分运行以及作物根系生长等方面。指出:(1)增加土壤有机质,改良土壤理化性质;(2)合理施肥,促进土壤养分平衡;(3)改进耕作、灌溉技术,调控土壤水分状况等是培育变性土肥力质量、提高土壤生产性能的关键性措施。

Genetic Features of Vertisols, its Influences on Agricultural Production and some Relevant Countermeasures for its Utilization

Vertisol is one of the major types of soil distributed in the Huang-huai-hai Plain,but soil showed poor to moderate productive performance in this region.Based on the alysis of soil examples from several representative Vertisol depth profiles in the Huai-bei plain,one of the main parts of the Huang-huai-hai Plain,soil genetic features,fertility limitations and productive performance were comprehensively evaluated.For better agricultural practices,suggestions concerning utilization and management of the Vertisols in Huaibei region were put forward.The results indicated that heavy soil texture,poor structure and low porosity characterized the Vertisols' physical features.Consequently,the soils had a low water holding capacity and a limited suitability to cultivation.Amongst the properties,low active OM content,nutrient unbalance,and occurrence of calcareous concretions imposed negative influences on nutrients and fertility.The poor soil physical and chemical properties above-mentioned significantly limited the soil utilization and productive performance.To archive a improvement of soil quality and crop yield,a series of countermeasures concerning were suggested,including(1) increasing OM content for the melioration of soil physical and chemical properties,(2) fertilizing soils in a suitable way to increase nutrient availability and improve nutrient balance,and(3) adjusting soil water condition by adopting a variety of feasible irrigation and cultivation techniques.