黄土高原幼树对坡面流水力学特性及泥沙颗粒组成的影响

选择黄土高原典型树种侧柏、油松、元宝枫和刺槐的一年生树苗,将其栽植于土槽中生长3 a。采用人工模拟降雨的方法,并与裸地进行对照,研究了森林幼树冠层及根系层对坡面流水力学特性及流失泥沙颗粒组成的影响。研究结果表明:(1)各试验坡面小区径流流量均较大,坡面流的平均水深均<1 mm。裸地坡面坡面流的流态为急流,其它各小区均为缓流。去除植被地上部分和表层易扰动土后,刺槐和元宝枫坡面的坡面流已接近临界流,而且两坡面的减流减沙作用明显变弱,侧柏和油松坡面的坡面流流态仍为缓流,减流减沙作用增强。(2)流失的泥沙中,有林冠覆盖的坡面流失的黏粒(<0.001 mm)所占的比例比裸地坡面的高出1.40%~2.00%,>0.05 mm粒径的泥沙颗粒所占比例比裸地坡面的小1.04%~1.26%。试验结束后,只有裸地坡面有明显的粗化层。(3)去除植被地上部分和表层易扰动土后,坡面流失泥沙颗粒的平均粒径大于有林冠覆盖的坡面,但小于裸地坡面。黏粒的百分含量随试验时间不断波动,说明森林植被的根系增加了林地的抗蚀力。

Impacts of Young Trees on Hydraulic Characteristics of Overland Flow and Sediment Particle Size in Loess Plateau

The typical trees(one-year-old Platycladus orientalis,Pinus tabulaeformis Carr,Acer truncatum Bunge and Robinia pseudoacacia) on the Loess Plateau were planted in self-designed soil box with adjustable gradient three years ago.The experiments were carried out by a simulated rainfall in laboratory.The effects of forest vegetation canopy and root on the characteristics of overland flow and sediment particle composition were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) Runoff yield was large for all plots.The average ...