甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)有效授粉期及授粉对果实性状影响的研究

本文研究了甜樱桃早红宝石品种的有效授粉期和不同品种授粉组合对果实的重量、果核重、坐果率、果柄长度、果形指数的影响。研究表明，早红宝石开花后的4d内为有效授粉期。红艳和红灯杂交不亲和。红灯不是养老、大紫的适宜授粉树；大紫是红灯的适宜授粉树，可使红灯的单果重较大，单核重与单果重之比较小；养老是大紫的适宜授粉树，使大紫的单果重较大。其他品种给养老授粉，使单果重降低。与自然授粉相比，用单一授粉品种授粉，缩短了果柄长度，改变了果形指数。不同品种用同一品种授粉或同一品种用不同品种授粉时，果柄缩短的程度不同，果形指数发生变化(或增加或减少)。果实成熟期与子房授粉后发育的天数有关，与授粉品种无关。

THE STUDY OF EFFECTIVE POLLINATION PERIOD AND THE EFFECT OF POLLINATION ON FRUIT CHARACTERS IN SWEET CHERRY( PRUNUS AVIUM L.)

The experiment studied the effective pollination period (EPP) of the cultivar'Early ruby' and the effect on fruit weight and stone weight and percentage of fruit set and the length of fruit handle and index of fruit shape (width/ length) in crossings of different cultivars of sweet cherry. The results showed that the EPP of 'Early ruby' was 4 days from the beginning of blooming. The hybridizing between' Hongdeng' and' Hongyan' was incompatible. The cultivar 'Hongdeng' was not good pollinator for 'Elton' and 'Black tartarin' . 'Black tartarin' was the suitable pollinator for Hongdeng' , which ' Hongdeng' had larger weight and smaller ratio of stone weight/fruit weight.' Elton' was good pollinator of' Black tartarin' for making the fruit weight of female parent to be increased to the largest extent, but'Elton' was not suitable pollinators for its fruit weight. Comparing with open pollination, pollinating with single kind of pollen shortened the length of fruit handle and changed the index of fruit shape of female parent fruits. For different female parents using the same kind of pollinator or for the same kind of female parent using different kinds of pollinators, the extent of fruit handle declining was different and the index of fruit shape was increased or decreased. The ripe time of fruits was related with the developing days of pollinated ovary, not with the pollinators.