系统论视角下欠发达县域城镇低效用地识别与再开发策略

城镇低效用地识别与再开发研究对提升土地利用效率与促进城镇高质量发展具有重要意义。基于系统论视角以山西省山区贫困县榆社县中心城区为案例地，将影响低效用地形成因素归纳为内部性质和外部特征两个维度，构建因地制宜的城镇低效用地识别评价指标体系，利用组合矩阵模型划分城镇低效用地内-外部性组合指数等级，辨识欠发达县域城镇低效用地范围，并提出城镇低效用地再开发策略。结果表明：1）榆社县商业用地内-外部性指数等级分布较为均匀，工业用地内-外部性指数等级均集中于低等级，居住用地内-外部性指数等级存在一定差异，其中外部性指数等级以低等级为主，内部性指数等级则表现出低等级与高等级均匀分布的特征。2）榆社县最终确定城镇低效用地25块，商业和工业低效用地占比不到10%，空间分布较为零散，不具有典型的空间性；居住低效用地占低效用地比例的90.06%，主要集中分布于城镇边缘地带和中心区域，可见居住用地仍然是欠发达地区城镇低效用地再开发主体。3）城镇低效用地存在空间分布和用地类型双重差异性，榆社县城镇低效用地再开发需针对空间分布特征和内-外部性主导影响因素精准施策，促进区域新农村建设。

Identification and redevelopment strategy of underused urban land in underdeveloped counties using system theory

Abstract: Redevelopment approach of underused urban land has played an important role in the regional urbanization and the sustainable development of undeveloped areas, in order to improve efficiency of land use. To implement the redevelopment strategy, it is necessary to identify the specific boundaries of underused urban land for different types of land use. Taking the central urban area of Yushe County, a provincial poverty-stricken county in Shanxi Province, as a study area, this study has collected the field data, including shantytown transformations, industrial and commercial revenues, land use intensity, building structures, infrastructure situation, and environment qualities. The original data was processed in ArcGIS software to build a basic geodatabase. Firstly, two types of parameters can be divided for underused urban land using system theory, including internal and external affecting factors, based on the features of regional development and differences of land use. Three evaluation systems of indicators were developed for commercial, industrial, and residential land. Each evaluation indicator system mainly included eight dimensions: building structure, spatial layout, land use intensity, land output benefits, geographical environment conditions, location conditions, surrounding infrastructure conditions, and ecological environment effects. Secondly, a combination matrix evaluation model considering internal and external factors was established to identify underused urban land, particularly when a land block has the low efficiency level for internal or external evaluation in the combination matrix, according to the relationship between the part and the whole. Finally, a recommendation was made for the redevelopment directions of underused urban land, based on various features of underused commercial, industrial, and residential land. The results showed that: 1) The internal and external index grade of commercial land was relatively uniform, whereas that of industrial land was concentrated in the low level. There were differences in the internal and external index grade of residential land, in which the external index was mainly low-grade, while the internal index grade was characterized by uniform distribution of low-grade and high-grade. 2) In the amount and area of underused urban land, two blocks of commercial underused land were identified accounting for 0.43% of the total underused urban land, and two blocks of industrial underused land were identified accounting for 9.51%, as well twenty-one blocks of residential underused land were identified accounting for 90.06%. It infers that the residential land mainly contributed to the underused urban land in underdeveloped counties. 3) In the spatial distributions of underused urban land, there were obvious spatial features in residential underused land, mainly distributed in the edge of town and the central areas. In the commercial and industrial underused land, there was scattered pattern without typical spatial characters. 4) The level of underused urban land in Yushe County mainly included 11, 12, 14, 21 and 31, according to the internal-external evaluation. A modified redevelopment strategy was proposed for different functional zoning and specific types, base on the heterogeneity of land use and the features of spatial distribution. The findings can provide a sound reference for the identification of underused urban land in underdeveloped counties.