地熊蜂对设施农业6种常用杀菌剂的敏感性研究

为了在温室内熊蜂授粉条件下科学使用杀菌剂,以地熊蜂工蜂为试材,参照《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,测定了6种温室设施常用杀菌剂对地熊蜂的毒力,并对其进行了风险性评价。结果表明:地熊蜂对四霉素较敏感,其LD50为5.255 mg/L,表现为中等毒性;地熊蜂对氢氧化铜、代森锰锌、中生菌素、戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑较不敏感,LD50≥74.992 mg/L,均表现为低毒,其中,中生菌素和戊唑醇的LD50分别为206.994 mg/L和207.560 mg/L,毒性最低。在设施作物上使用地熊蜂授粉时,建议禁用对地熊蜂中毒的农药。在使用对地熊蜂中毒或低毒的农药时,可将熊蜂分别搬出温室3 d和1 d,以减少农药对地熊蜂的为害。另外,我们不建议使用代森锰锌。

Evaluation the Susceptibility of Bombus terrestris to Six Fungicides Uses in Greenhouse

For scientific use of fungicides in the greenhouse of bumblebee pollination,with works of Bom-bus terrestris as materials,the oral toxicity of six greenhouse commonly used fungicides on Bombus ter-restris were determined reference to Test Guidelines on Environmental Safety Assessment for Chemical Fungicides,and the risk assessments were conducted. The results showed that the sensitivity of tomatrine (LD50=5.255 mg/L) was highest to Bombus terrestris of six fungicides,showed moderately toxic. Bombus terrestris were not sensitive to copper hydroxide, mancozeb, difenoconazole, tebuconazole and zhong-shengmycin with LD50≥74.992 mg/L, they all showed low toxic. Tebuconazole and zhongshengmycin was the lowest toxic with the LD50 was 206.994 mg/L and 207.560 mg/L,respectively. When using bumblebees to pollinate for plants,we suggest that bumblebees can be moved out of the greenhouse for 3 days and 1 day to reduce the harm of pesticides to bumblebees when using the moderate or low toxic pesticides to bumblebees,respectively. Mancozeb was not recommended used with Bombus terrestris.